Endocrine Disorders Case Studies

What condition is indicated by Nadir's elevated HbA1c level and symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria?

Which laboratory finding is typical in a patient diagnosed with Graves' disease?

Which physical feature most closely indicates the diagnosis that Ahmad may have?

What underlying condition is likely causing the persistent symptoms in Hoor?

What is the most likely cause of Ahmad's elevated levels of IGF-1 and Growth Hormone?

Case 1: Type 2 Diabetes

Nadir, a 43-year-old taxi driver, presented with a 1-month history of polydipsia and polyuria.
He appeared obese with a BMI of 32 kg/m².
Physical exam was unremarkable except for the BMI.
Lab results showed a HbA1c of 9.1% (normal ≤6.5%) and fasting plasma glucose of 127 mg/dL (normal ≤100 mg/dL).
Treatment advised included lifestyle modifications, diet therapy, regular exercise, and oral medications.

Case 2: Graves' Disease

Hoor, a 43-year-old female, presented with a 1-year history of palpitations, fatigue, and hand tremors.
Symptoms worsened over two months.
Physical exam revealed a goiter, moist skin, hand tremor, and tachycardia (110 bpm).
Lab investigations revealed low TSH levels.

Case 3: Acromegaly

Dr. Abdullah noticed his cousin Ahmad's (35-year-old) prominent mandible, supraorbital ridges, nose bridge, large hands, and feet after 2 years.
Ahmad was asked to undergo endocrine testing.
Tests included serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, hemoglobin A1C, IGF-1, Growth Hormone, and parathyroid hormone.
Only serum IGF-1 and GH levels were abnormal.
Further tests confirmed a pituitary adenoma diagnosis.

Explore various case studies related to endocrine disorders, including Type 2 Diabetes, Graves' Disease, and Acromegaly. Each case provides insights into symptoms, examination findings, and treatment recommendations. Test your understanding of these conditions and their management.