Endemic vs Epidemic vs Pandemic Diseases

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What is the term used to describe a living source of a microorganism that causes an infectious disease?

Pathogen
Reservoir (correct)
Portal of exit
Susceptible host

Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?

Rabies (correct)
Measles
Influenza
Tuberculosis

What is the term used to describe an arthropod that is involved in the transmission of an infectious disease?

Reservoir
Portal of exit
Vector (correct)
Susceptible host

Which of the following is considered a human carrier of an infectious disease?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of arthropod can serve as a reservoir of infection?

Both insects and arachnids (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can a zoonotic disease be transmitted from animals to humans?

Through any of the above methods (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of objects are considered fomites in the context of disease transmission?

Inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common mode of transmission involving arthropod vectors?

Indirect contact via arthropod vectors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was founded in 1948 to promote technical cooperation for health among nations?

World Health Organization (WHO) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the direct modes of transmission listed in the text?

Direct skin-to-skin contact (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of transmission involves sneezing or coughing as the source of transmission?

Indirect contact via airborne droplets of respiratory secretions (C) Signup and view all the answers

'Bedding, towels, and hospital equipment' are examples of what according to the text?

'Fomites' - inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an endemic and an epidemic disease?

An endemic disease occurs within a population of a specific geographic area, while an epidemic affects a larger region within a short period of time. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a pandemic disease?

H1N1 ('swine flu') (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that determine whether an infectious disease occurs?

Environmental factors like climate, season, and availability of potable water (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which pandemic did the Spanish flu cause significant casualties globally?

Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the occurrence of infectious diseases?

Color of the pathogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of an epidemic disease?

Occurs in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of a major infectious disease?

Escherichia coli (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the largest waterborne epidemic in the United States?

The cryptosporidiosis epidemic in Milwaukee in 1993 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the water treatment process?

Reverse osmosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is used to test for fecal contamination in water supplies?

Coliform bacteria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of raw sewage?

Water and fecal material (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of sewage treatment mentioned in the text?

Quaternary treatment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which federal agency is responsible for collaborating to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of segregating, isolating, and treating those who have contracted a contagious infection?

To prevent the spread of the pathogen to others (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between biological warfare (BW) agents and bioterrorism agents?

BW agents are used to harm others in wartime, while bioterrorism agents are used to create fear, chaos, illness, and death in situations other than war. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) published by the CDC?

To report on the prevalence and incidence of certain infectious diseases in the United States (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of increasing host resistance through the development and administration of vaccines?

To protect those who have been exposed to a pathogen from developing the disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mission of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?

To collaborate to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health (C) Signup and view all the answers