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What is enculturation?
The process by which an individual adopts the behavior patterns of the culture in which a person is immersed.
What does socialization help individuals learn?
Societal norms, expectations, and values as members of society.
Who proposed the Looking Glass Self Theory?
Enculturation is a lifelong process that starts at birth and ends at death.
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What is the Role-taking Theory?
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In the example of the Looking Glass Self, what might lead a person to question their professionalism?
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The process through which people learn to understand societal norms is called _____
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Which statement best describes the difference between society and culture?
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What is a key outcome of the process of enculturation?
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Why is socialization considered a lifelong process?
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In which context do enculturation and socialization primarily take place?
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What is the primary significance of understanding societal norms through socialization?
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Which component of self emerges from societal expectations and interactions according to Role-Taking Theory?
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What is one primary function of schools as agents of socialization?
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Which of the following best describes 'deviance' in the context of socialization?
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Which agent of socialization primarily influences individuals' professional behavior and attitudes?
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What aspect of identity does the concept of 'I' represent according to Mead?
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Study Notes
Enculturation and Socialization
- Enculturation is the process of learning and adopting the norms, values, behaviors, and beliefs of a culture.
- Socialization is the process of learning societal norms, expectations, and values as a member of society.
- The Looking Glass Self Theory, proposed by Charles Horton Cooley, describes how individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others perceive them.
- The Role-taking Theory, proposed by George Herbert Mead, suggests that social awareness develops through early social interactions.
Looking Glass Self Theory
- Positive feedback from others reinforces an individual's belief in their own abilities and worth.
- Negative feedback can lead to self-doubt.
Examples of Looking Glass Self Theory
- A new employee seeking validation from colleagues based on their reactions.
- A student receiving positive feedback in class, reinforcing their sense of intelligence.
- Social media users seeking validation through likes and comments.
Role-Taking Theory
- Individuals learn to understand the perspectives of others through interactions.
- Children learn to engage in role playing, taking on different social roles.
Enculturation & Socialization
- Society and culture are distinct.
- Socialization is the learning process of societal norms, values, and expectations for members of society.
- Enculturation is the process where individuals adopt cultural patterns of their immersion.
Enculturation
- It's the process of acquiring personal identity and cultural knowledge beginning in infancy.
- It involves learning norms, values, behavior, habits, beliefs, social skills, and accumulated knowledge.
- This process prepares individuals for adult roles within their society.
- It's a lifelong process that starts at birth and continues until death.
Role-Taking Theory
- Developed by George Herbert Mead.
- Suggests that the concept of self emerges from social interaction.
- The "Me" represents the social self, influenced by how we believe others perceive us.
Agents of Socialization
- Family: Shapes our self-image, motivations, values, and beliefs.
- School: Introduces individuals to peers outside their families, broadening their perspectives.
- Peers: Offer young people a sense of independence from their families and support them in transitioning to adulthood.
- Mass Media: Shapes individuals' understanding of the world through various role models and occupations.
- Workplace: Provides individuals with knowledge of proper behavior in the workforce and signals that one has reached adulthood.
Conformity & Deviance
- Conformity: The act of aligning with the behavior of most people in a society or group.
- Deviance: The violation of cultural norms, potentially breaking formal laws (e.g., crime) or social rules (e.g., substance abuse).
- Positive Deviance: Deviance that challenges unjust norms and leads to positive social change (e.g., civil rights protests).
Strain Theory
- Developed by Robert K. Merton.
- Suggests that inability to achieve culturally valued goals can lead to frustration and deviant behavior.
Forms of Deviance
- Innovation: Rejecting socially accepted means to achieve success.
- Ritualism: Rejecting the importance of success goals while adhering to societal norms.
- Retreatism: Rejecting both cultural goals and means.
- Rebellion: Attempting to change societal goals and means.
Human Dignity
- Inherent and inviolable.
- Represents the basis of fundamental human rights.
- Foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world.
Human Rights
- They are universal, inherent to all human beings regardless of background.
- They are interconnected, interdependent, and indivisible.
- They are not privileges that can be taken away.
- They are meant to protect individuals against harm and promote peaceful coexistence.
The Common Good
- Often used to justify social systems and tyrannies throughout history.
- Difficult to define precisely.
- Its true meaning is the sum of the good of all individuals in a society.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of enculturation and socialization. It delves into the Looking Glass Self Theory and Role-taking Theory, emphasizing how individuals form their identities based on social interactions and feedback. Test your knowledge on these fundamental sociological theories and their applications.
