30 Questions
What type of research focuses on 'what ought to be' and cannot be answered with empirical data?
Normative research
Which type of research involves the relationships between concepts and empirical facts?
Descriptive research
In which type of research can normative research be complimented by it, but not vice versa?
Normative research
What is the main difference between normative and positive research goals?
Normative research aims to prescribe values, while positive research examines empirical relationships.
Which type of research focuses on relationships between theoretical concepts without direct reference to empirical facts or value judgments?
Positive political theory
'All scientific research requires inference,' which type of research is often in frequent dialogue with positive research?
'What ought to be' research
What is a potential pitfall of conceptualization?
Conceptual stretching and functional equivalence
Why might defining some concepts be easy but operationalizing them challenging?
Contested nature of concepts
What does the excess mortality due to Covid-19 represent?
Difference between observed and counterfactual
How can the legal-bureaucratic context impact definitions?
'Ministry' differences among European states
Why might a country being labeled as a 'third world country' have normative implications?
'What is good governance?' contested nature
'What is good governance?' is cited as an example of:
'Contested concepts'
What is a key difference between Empiricists and Scientific Realists?
Empiricists prioritize successful prediction over understanding underlying structures.
What is the view of Empiricists towards theoretical assumptions?
Empiricists adopt an instrumentalist view towards theoretical assumptions.
What do Empiricists prioritize in their research?
Successful prediction and intervention.
What do Scientific Realists aspire to achieve in their research?
Deep understanding beyond instrumental use of scientific results.
What is a common characteristic of the theoretical work inspired by economics and game theory?
Creation of models with extremely simplified assumptions about rationality and interactions.
Why is it hard to find 'pure' empiricists according to the text?
Empiricists are more interested in understanding instead of prediction.
Why does analyzing a sample of nurses lead to the conclusion that women are less compassionate than men?
Collider bias creates a false relationship between G and C.
In the general population, what is the relationship between G and C?
No correlation
Why do men in the sample of nurses have a 100% chance of being compassionate?
False conclusions from the collider bias
What is the main reason for the false correlation between gender and compassion in the sample of nurses?
Random chance distribution
How does the collider bias affect the analysis of compassion levels in male and female nurses?
It inflates male compassion levels and deflates female compassion levels.
What conclusion can be drawn about gender and compassion based on the information provided?
Gender influences perceived compassion levels due to collider bias.
What type of effects are reported in the study?
Intention to treat (ITT) and Treatment on the treated (TOT)
How many treatments and subtreatments were individuals randomized into?
Seven
What does 'Intention to treat (ITT)' refer to?
Those who were assigned to the treatment
What was the impact of exposure to an asset treatment on socioeconomic values?
Shifted them rightwards
Why did the study add controls in its analysis?
To observe the effects on R-squared of the models
How did the study disaggregate its results?
By treatment, political area, and time
Explore ways to promote worldwide efforts for environmental conservation and preservation. Topics include discussions on online learning, moderate drinking and longevity, Brexit's impact on British society, discrimination in university admissions, and Facebook's influence on the 2016 US election.
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