Questions and Answers
What is acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
Which blood vessels became blocked leading to a 56-year-old man's acute myocardial infarction?
What increases the chance of survival for a patient with cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular fibrillation?
If a patient with an implanted pacemaker is in cardiac arrest, the EMT should:
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Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:
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What are the key differences between AMI and Angina?
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What are the symptoms of hypertensive emergencies?
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What causes an aortic aneurysm?
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What should be done for a 66-year-old female with chest pressure and a history of hypertension when she does not have prescribed nitroglycerin?
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What should an EMT do for a patient in cardiac arrest wearing an external defibrillator vest?
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Why does a patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experience chest pain during exertion?
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When does angina pectoris occur?
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Where does deoxygenated blood from the body return to?
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Study Notes
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- ACS refers to a group of symptoms linked to myocardial ischemia, indicating reduced blood flow to the heart.
Myocardial Infarction
- An acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) results from blocked coronary arteries, preventing blood supply to the heart muscle.
Cardiac Arrest and Defibrillation
- Survival chances in cases of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation significantly increase with defibrillation within 2 minutes of collapse.
AED Use with Pacemakers
- When a patient with a pacemaker is in cardiac arrest, AED pads must be placed away from the implanted device to avoid interference.
Nitroglycerin Contraindications
- Administering nitroglycerin is contraindicated for patients with a systolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg, as it may cause further drops in blood pressure.
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) vs. Angina
- AMI can occur without exertion and lasts longer than angina, which is usually relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
Hypertensive Emergencies
- Diagnosed with systolic blood pressure over 160 mm Hg, presenting symptoms include severe headache, dizziness, and potential for serious complications like stroke.
Aortic Aneurysm
- A dissecting aneurysm occurs when the aorta's lining separates, commonly caused by uncontrolled hypertension, often presenting with severe chest pain and differing blood pressure in arms.
Treatment of Chest Pain in Patients
- For a 66-year-old female patient with chest pressure, provide high-flow oxygen, administer aspirin, and perform further assessment instead of administering nitroglycerin without medical control.
External Defibrillator Vest
- When a patient in cardiac arrest has an external defibrillator vest, EMTs should remove its battery before taking off the vest to ensure effective CPR.
Atherosclerotic Heart Disease and Chest Pain
- Chest pain during exertion in patients with atherosclerosis results from narrowed coronary arteries limiting blood flow during increased demand.
Angina Pectoris
- Angina occurs when the myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply, commonly triggered by exertion or stress.
Deoxygenated Blood Return Pathway
- Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the heart via the right atrium, initiating the cycle of oxygenation.
Heart's Electrical Impulse Origin
- The heart's electrical impulse originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, which acts as the natural pacemaker.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from EMT Chapter 16. This set of flashcards covers critical topics like acute coronary syndrome and myocardial ischemia. Perfect for anyone studying emergency medical techniques or preparing for exams.
