EMT Chapter 14 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is acute coronary syndrome?

A term describing symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia (correct)

A type of heart surgery

A heart defect present at birth

A minor health issue

What does AMI stand for?

acute myocardial infarction

What is angina pectoris?

Transient chest discomfort caused by partial blockage of blood flow to the heart

What does the term 'anterior' refer to in anatomy?

The front surface of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the aorta?

The main artery that carries blood from the left ventricle to the body Signup and view all the answers

What is an aortic aneurysm?

A weakness in the wall of the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the aortic valve?

Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Define arrhythmia.

An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm Signup and view all the answers

What does asystole mean?

The complete absence of any electrical cardiac activity Signup and view all the answers

What is atherosclerosis?

A disorder where cholesterol and calcium build up in blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the atrium?

One of the upper chambers of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What does automaticity refer to in cardiac tissues?

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without nervous system stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?

Regulating involuntary functions such as heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Define bradycardia.

A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiac arrest?

A state in which the heart fails to generate effective blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiac output?

The volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiogenic shock?

A state with insufficient oxygen delivery to body tissues due to low blood output from the heart Signup and view all the answers

Define congestive heart failure (CHF).

A disorder where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively Signup and view all the answers

What are coronary arteries?

Blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to defibrillate?

To shock a fibrillating heart with electrical current Signup and view all the answers

What is dependent edema?

Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground Signup and view all the answers

What does dilation refer to in a medical context?

Widening of a tubular structure, such as a coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

What is a dissecting aneurysm?

A condition where the inner layers of an artery separate Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypertensive emergency?

An emergency situation due to excessively high blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Define infarction.

Death of body tissue due to interrupted blood supply Signup and view all the answers

What does 'inferior' refer to in anatomy?

Nearer to the feet Signup and view all the answers

What is ischemia?

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular Terms and Conditions

Acute Coronary Syndrome: A collection of symptoms due to myocardial ischemia, including angina and myocardial infarction.
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI): Also known as a heart attack; characterized by the death of heart muscle from obstructed blood flow.
Angina Pectoris: Temporary chest pain resulting from partial blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Atherosclerosis: A condition where cholesterol and calcium buildup leads to plaque formation, causing partial or complete blood flow blockage.

Heart Anatomy and Function

Aorta: The primary artery that channels blood from the left ventricle to the entire body.
Aortic Aneurysm: A condition marked by weakness in the aorta's wall, increasing the risk of rupture.
Aortic Valve: A one-way valve between the left ventricle and aorta, preventing backflow of blood into the ventricle.
Atrium: Upper chambers of the heart; the right atrium receives blood from the vena cava, while the left receives it from pulmonary veins.

Cardiac Conditions and Symptoms

Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeats deviating from the normal rhythm.
Asystole: Complete lack of electrical cardiac activity, appearing as a flat line on an ECG.
Bradycardia: Defined as a slow heart rate, specifically fewer than 60 beats per minute.
Cardiac Arrest: Failure of the heart to produce effective blood flow; pulses are absent despite potential electrical activity.

Cardiac Output and Health

Cardiac Output: The volume of blood the heart circulates in one minute, calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate.
Cardiogenic Shock: A condition wherein the heart fails to supply sufficient oxygen to tissues due to low blood flow; often a result of a large heart attack.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): A disorder where the heart's pumping ability is compromised, leading to fluid backup in the lungs.

Emergency Situations

Defibrillation: The process of delivering an electric shock to restore a normal heartbeat in a fibrillating heart.
Hypertensive Emergency: A critical state of excessively high blood pressure, risking severe outcomes like stroke or aneurysm.
Dependent Edema: Swelling in lower parts of the body due to fluid accumulation, commonly associated with CHF.

Additional Terms

Dilation: The widening of hollow structures, such as coronary arteries.
Dissecting Aneurysm: A medical emergency where the layers of an artery separate, allowing blood flow between them.
Infarction: Tissue death caused by interrupted blood supply; often associated with heart or stroke incidents.
Ischemia: Oxygen deprivation in tissues due to insufficient blood flow, resulting in nutrient deficiency.

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Description

Test your knowledge on acute coronary syndrome and related terms with these flashcards. You'll explore key definitions such as acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, enhancing your understanding of cardiovascular emergencies. Perfect for EMT students preparing for exams.