Cardiovascular Disease: Acute Coronary Syndrome
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of imbalance between oxygen demand and oxygen supply in the myocardium?

  • Coronary artery spasm
  • Hypertension
  • Atherosclerotic plaque formation (correct)
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Which of the following is NOT a clinical entity of Acute Coronary Syndrome?

  • ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
  • Chronic stable angina (correct)
  • Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (N-STEMI)
  • Unstable angina
  • Which risk factor for ischemic heart disease is familial?

  • Hypertension
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Familial hypercholesterolemia (correct)
  • What is the term for the blockage of a coronary artery, leading to myocardial infarction?

    <p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for ischemic heart disease?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ischemic Heart Disease

    • Inadequate perfusion of the myocardium due to imbalance between oxygen demand and oxygen supply
    • Pathogenesis: narrowing/occlusion of coronary artery most commonly due to atheromatous plaque formation

    Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

    • Spectrum of coronary artery disease that includes three clinical entities:
      • Unstable angina
      • Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (N-STEMI)
      • ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
    • Pathogenesis: rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and partial or complete thrombosis of a coronary artery

    Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease/Atherosclerosis

    Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

    • Age > 50 years
    • Sex: more common in males
    • Family history of ischemic heart disease
    • Familial hypercholesterolemia

    Modifiable Risk Factors

    • Obesity and physical inactivity
    • Smoking and psychic stress
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Hypertension
    • Dyslipidemia

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    Description

    Learn about the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome, including unstable angina, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Understand the imbalance between oxygen demand and oxygen supply in the myocardium.

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