EMT Chapter 12: Shock Flashcards

Questions and Answers

You administer high-flow oxygen and give a 19-year-old male epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine his condition has not improved. You should:

Transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route.

Consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack.

Request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.

Repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. (correct)

The MOST likely cause of a 56-year-old male's present condition, who has rapid shallow respirations, low blood pressure, and left arm pain, is:

Cardiogenic hypoperfusion. (correct)

A ruptured aortic aneurysm.

Severe septic hypoperfusion.

Acute myocardial infarction.

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Absent peripheral pulses. (correct)

Rapid, shallow breathing.

Cool and clammy skin.

Restlessness or anxiety.

Neurogenic shock occurs when:

Failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?

Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?

Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction. Signup and view all the answers

After assessing a 40-year-old female who fainted, her husband states that she fainted after receiving news about her sister's death. Your primary concern should be to:

Determine if she was injured when she fainted. Signup and view all the answers

While transporting a 33-year-old male involved in a major motor vehicle crash, with an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should:

Reassess his condition in 5 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a severe leg injury following a chainsaw accident is found with a partial amputation actively bleeding. You should:

Apply direct pressure to the wound. Signup and view all the answers

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals inadequate breathing. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

Check her airway for obstructions. Signup and view all the answers

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist bleeding rapidly. You should:

Apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. Signup and view all the answers

A 25-year-old unrestrained female has signs of shock likely due to intrathoracic bleeding. Which intervention will provide her with the greatest chance for survival?

Rapid transport to a trauma center. Signup and view all the answers

When approaching a patient with severe leg bleeding, your first action should be:

Control the bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

Distributive shock occurs when:

Widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. Signup and view all the answers

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________.

anaphylactic shock Signup and view all the answers

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:

Plasma. Signup and view all the answers

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:

Hypothermia. Signup and view all the answers

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________.

shock Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:

Cardiogenic shock. Signup and view all the answers

Shock due to severe infection is called ________.

septic shock Signup and view all the answers

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as:

The skin. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the 'perfusion triangle'?

Heart, blood vessels, blood. Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that:

Blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. Signup and view all the answers

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient?

En route to the hospital. Signup and view all the answers

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that:

Changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?

Cardiac tamponade. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax?

Decompression of the injured side of the chest. Signup and view all the answers

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________.

Peripheral vasoconstriction. Signup and view all the answers

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________.

Cardiogenic shock. Signup and view all the answers

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________.

Compensated shock. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anaphylactic Shock

Symptoms include swelling, difficulty breathing, and rapid blood loss due to severe allergic reactions.
Immediate treatment includes administering high-flow oxygen and an intramuscular injection of epinephrine.
If no improvement is observed, a second epinephrine dose may be required after consulting medical control.

Cardiogenic Shock

Most common cause is acute myocardial infarction.
Signs include rapid, irregular pulse; low blood pressure; and potential signs of prior symptoms like arm pain and nausea.

Compensated Shock

Clinical signs include restlessness, rapid shallow breathing, and cool clammy skin; absent peripheral pulses is NOT a sign.
If circulatory compensation is adequate, blood flow to non-vital organs is reduced.

Neurogenic Shock

Occurs due to spinal cord injuries leading to vasodilation, causing blood to pool in the vascular system.
Often presents with hypothermia.

Septic Shock

Characterized by bacterial damage to blood vessel walls, leading to leaking and vasodilation.
Severe infections are the primary cause.

Assessment and Management in Trauma

Fainting may require checking for injuries even if the patient seems fine.
Continuous monitoring of the patient's condition and vital signs is necessary during transport.
Control of bleeding is the first priority in trauma scenarios.

Obstructive Shock

Can occur due to conditions like cardiac tamponade which prevents the heart from pumping effectively.
Decompression of the chest may be necessary to prevent fatal consequences in tension pneumothorax cases.

Physiological Responses

Inadequate circulation is directly referred to as shock.
Skin pallor in a shock patient is often due to peripheral vasoconstriction as the body attempts to protect vital organs.

Importance of Rapid Transport

For severe injuries, especially with signs of intrathoracic bleeding, rapid transport to a trauma center is critical for patient survival.

Key Components of Perfusion Triangle

Perfusion is influenced by the heart, blood vessels, and blood volume.
Maintaining these components is essential to prevent shock states.

Special Considerations for Older Adults

Aging can influence the body’s compensatory mechanisms, particularly with gastric emptying, which may increase vomiting risks in shock scenarios.

Definitions

Compensated shock: Body's mechanism to maintain circulation despite shock.
Cardiogenic shock: Reduced output and contractility of the heart leading to inadequate perfusion.
Septic shock: Shock resulting from severe infection leading to systemic inflammation and vasodilation.

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Test your knowledge on anaphylactic shock and emergency care with these flashcards from EMT Chapter 12. Understand the appropriate interventions and reassessments needed when responding to shock situations. Perfect for EMT students preparing for their exams!

EMT Chapter 12: Shock Flashcards

Questions and Answers

You administer high-flow oxygen and give a 19-year-old male epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine his condition has not improved. You should:

The MOST likely cause of a 56-year-old male's present condition, who has rapid shallow respirations, low blood pressure, and left arm pain, is:

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Neurogenic shock occurs when:

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?

After assessing a 40-year-old female who fainted, her husband states that she fainted after receiving news about her sister's death. Your primary concern should be to:

While transporting a 33-year-old male involved in a major motor vehicle crash, with an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should:

A patient with a severe leg injury following a chainsaw accident is found with a partial amputation actively bleeding. You should:

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals inadequate breathing. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist bleeding rapidly. You should:

A 25-year-old unrestrained female has signs of shock likely due to intrathoracic bleeding. Which intervention will provide her with the greatest chance for survival?

When approaching a patient with severe leg bleeding, your first action should be:

Distributive shock occurs when:

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________.

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________.

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:

Shock due to severe infection is called ________.

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as:

What are the three components of the 'perfusion triangle'?

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that:

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient?

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that:

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax?

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________.

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________.

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________.

Study Notes

Anaphylactic Shock

Cardiogenic Shock

Compensated Shock

Neurogenic Shock

Septic Shock

Assessment and Management in Trauma

Obstructive Shock

Physiological Responses

Importance of Rapid Transport

Key Components of Perfusion Triangle

Special Considerations for Older Adults

Definitions

Studying That Suits You

Description

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