Podcast
Questions and Answers
Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:
Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
The two processes that occur during respiration are:
The two processes that occur during respiration are:
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:
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In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of:
In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of:
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When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:
When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:
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Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?
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An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:
An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:
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Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct?
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When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with chronic lung disease, you should:
When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with chronic lung disease, you should:
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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of:
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of:
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Which of the following conditions would LEAST likely result in hypoxia?
Which of the following conditions would LEAST likely result in hypoxia?
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Which of the following statements regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is correct?
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Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:
Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:
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Weakening of the airway in patients with chronic bronchitis is the result of:
Weakening of the airway in patients with chronic bronchitis is the result of:
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The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by:
The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by:
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Asthma is caused by a response of the:
Asthma is caused by a response of the:
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At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:
At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:
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Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct?
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A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:
A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:
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A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?
A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?
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A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:
A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:
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You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with:
You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with:
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Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:
Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:
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A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations:
A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations:
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Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:
Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:
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Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:
Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:
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A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient?
A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient?
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You receive a call for a 70-year-old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should:
You receive a call for a 70-year-old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should:
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When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:
When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:
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When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:
When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:
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While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched 'rattling' sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. With which of the following conditions is this finding MOST consistent?
While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched 'rattling' sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. With which of the following conditions is this finding MOST consistent?
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Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:
Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:
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A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing 100% oxygen, you should:
A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing 100% oxygen, you should:
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Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?
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You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:
You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:
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Albuterol is a generic name for:
Albuterol is a generic name for:
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You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:
You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:
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A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should:
A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should:
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A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:
A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Basics
- Dyspnea: Defined as shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
- Respiration Location: Occurs mainly in the alveoli.
- Processes of Respiration: Involves inspiration (inhaling) and expiration (exhaling).
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
- Efficient pulmonary gas exchange requires oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse freely across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Breathing Regulation
- Brain stem regulates breathing primarily based on levels of carbon dioxide; increased levels stimulate respiratory rate and depth.
Characteristics of Adequate Breathing
- Adequate breathing includes a respiratory rate around 24 breaths/min with equal breath sounds and normal coloration of skin.
Hypoxic Drive and Oxygen Administration
- Hypoxic Drive: Stimulates breathing in response to low oxygen levels; it may activate when carbon dioxide levels fluctuate.
- When providing oxygen to patients with chronic lung diseases, adjust flow rates carefully and prepare to assist ventilations.
Indicators of Health Conditions
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Indicators include paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, rales, and peripheral edema.
- Severe Anxiety: Is the least likely to cause hypoxia, whereas conditions like pulmonary edema or pleural effusion are significant contributors.
SARS Overview
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a viral infection starting with flulike symptoms and can lead to severe pneumonia.
Effects of Various Conditions
- Acute pulmonary edema may result from toxic chemical inhalation.
- In chronic bronchitis, airway weakening occurs due to destroyed protective mechanisms against foreign particles.
Asthma
- Caused primarily by the immune system and characterized by expiratory wheezing during attacks.
Anaphylaxis
- Involves airway swelling and hypotension; immediate treatment often requires epinephrine administration.
Additional Respiratory Considerations
- Signs of acute pulmonary embolism include chest pain, cyanosis, and low oxygen saturation.
- Alkalosis occurs when blood acidity decreases due to excessive breathing.
- Common symptoms of acute hyperventilation include anxiety and tingling in extremities.
Assessment Techniques
- Auscultation detects abnormal sounds, indicating respiratory issues.
- Stridor is recognized by harsh, high-pitched sounds indicating potential obstruction.
Emergency Management
- In cases of respiratory distress, prioritize administering oxygen effectively and monitoring vital signs closely.
- Directly respond to overdoses with appropriate positioning and monitoring for complications.
Medicinal Knowledge
- Albuterol, generic name for Proventil, is commonly used for asthma management.
- Instructions for inhaler use include urging patients to hold their breath following inhalation for maximum effectiveness.
Patient Interaction
- Reassuring patients experiencing anxiety or hyperventilation and managing their oxygen needs is crucial in emergency scenarios.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on essential EMT concepts with these flashcards from Chapter 13. Covering topics such as dyspnea and the areas of the lungs responsible for respiration, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of critical respiratory terms. Perfect for EMT students looking to master this chapter!
