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Questions and Answers
What is directly adjacent to the sternal angle?
What is directly adjacent to the sternal angle?
Which muscle is responsible for respiration?
Which muscle is responsible for respiration?
How many lobes does the right lung have?
How many lobes does the right lung have?
What does the inability to speak in full sentences before stopping to take a breath suggest?
What does the inability to speak in full sentences before stopping to take a breath suggest?
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What is indicative of increased airways resistance or stiff lungs and/or chest wall?
What is indicative of increased airways resistance or stiff lungs and/or chest wall?
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How should the respiratory rate be accurately assessed?
How should the respiratory rate be accurately assessed?
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What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
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Which examination technique should focus on identifying dullness and hyperresonance?
Which examination technique should focus on identifying dullness and hyperresonance?
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What should be observed during the general examination of patients with exertional dyspnea?
What should be observed during the general examination of patients with exertional dyspnea?
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What is the purpose of examining the abdomen in patients with exertional dyspnea?
What is the purpose of examining the abdomen in patients with exertional dyspnea?
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Which examination is necessary to identify signs of elevated right-sided heart pressures?
Which examination is necessary to identify signs of elevated right-sided heart pressures?
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What should be observed when patients with exertional dyspnea are walking?
What should be observed when patients with exertional dyspnea are walking?
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Which diagnostic measure is used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
Which diagnostic measure is used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
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What is the leading risk factor for lung cancer?
What is the leading risk factor for lung cancer?
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Which condition is characterized by translucent, white, or gray mucoid sputum and foul-smelling sputum in anaerobic lung abscess?
Which condition is characterized by translucent, white, or gray mucoid sputum and foul-smelling sputum in anaerobic lung abscess?
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What tool can help identify individuals at risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
What tool can help identify individuals at risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
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What is recommended for current or recent heavy smokers as a screening measure?
What is recommended for current or recent heavy smokers as a screening measure?
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What is the characteristic sign of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
What is the characteristic sign of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
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Which symptom may indicate lower airway obstruction?
Which symptom may indicate lower airway obstruction?
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What is a diagnostically helpful symptom associated with pneumonia?
What is a diagnostically helpful symptom associated with pneumonia?
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Which condition may be suggested by large volumes of purulent sputum?
Which condition may be suggested by large volumes of purulent sputum?
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What may indicate the presence of asthma?
What may indicate the presence of asthma?
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What is the most common cause of acute cough?
What is the most common cause of acute cough?
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Where does chest pain from pneumonia usually arise from?
Where does chest pain from pneumonia usually arise from?
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What is the purpose of the muscle responsible for respiration?
What is the purpose of the muscle responsible for respiration?
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What is indicative of increased work of breathing?
What is indicative of increased work of breathing?
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What does the inability to speak in full sentences before stopping to take a breath suggest?
What does the inability to speak in full sentences before stopping to take a breath suggest?
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What is directly adjacent to the sternal angle?
What is directly adjacent to the sternal angle?
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How many lobes does the right lung have?
How many lobes does the right lung have?
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What should be observed to accurately assess the respiratory rate?
What should be observed to accurately assess the respiratory rate?
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Which of the following symptoms may indicate lower airway obstruction?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate lower airway obstruction?
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What does the presence of foul-smelling sputum may indicate?
What does the presence of foul-smelling sputum may indicate?
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Where does chest pain from pneumonia usually arise from?
Where does chest pain from pneumonia usually arise from?
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Which condition may be suggested by large volumes of purulent sputum?
Which condition may be suggested by large volumes of purulent sputum?
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What is the characteristic sound that may indicate lower airway obstruction?
What is the characteristic sound that may indicate lower airway obstruction?
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What is the most common cause of acute cough?
What is the most common cause of acute cough?
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Which breath sounds are important to listen for with a stethoscope during a respiratory examination?
Which breath sounds are important to listen for with a stethoscope during a respiratory examination?
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What may crackles indicate during a respiratory examination?
What may crackles indicate during a respiratory examination?
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What do wheezes and stridor indicate during a respiratory examination?
What do wheezes and stridor indicate during a respiratory examination?
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What does the absence of wheezes and breath sounds in severe asthma indicate?
What does the absence of wheezes and breath sounds in severe asthma indicate?
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What does tactile fremitus assess during a respiratory examination?
What does tactile fremitus assess during a respiratory examination?
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What does forced expiratory time assess during a respiratory examination?
What does forced expiratory time assess during a respiratory examination?
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Which examination technique should be direct to skin to avoid altering characteristics of breath sounds?
Which examination technique should be direct to skin to avoid altering characteristics of breath sounds?
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What is the characteristic sign of diaphragmatic weakness that should be identified during abdominal examination?
What is the characteristic sign of diaphragmatic weakness that should be identified during abdominal examination?
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What should be observed during the general examination of patients with exertional dyspnea to look for signs of extrapulmonary manifestations of lung disease?
What should be observed during the general examination of patients with exertional dyspnea to look for signs of extrapulmonary manifestations of lung disease?
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What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
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What should the focus of percussion be during chest examination to indicate airway obstruction or hyperinflated lungs?
What should the focus of percussion be during chest examination to indicate airway obstruction or hyperinflated lungs?
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What is the purpose of examining the chest wall for underlying lobes, chest shape, movement, and deformities?
What is the purpose of examining the chest wall for underlying lobes, chest shape, movement, and deformities?
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Which diagnostic tool is recommended for identifying individuals at risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
Which diagnostic tool is recommended for identifying individuals at risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
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Where is needle insertion recommended for decompression of tension pneumothorax?
Where is needle insertion recommended for decompression of tension pneumothorax?
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Which condition is associated with clubbing of the nails?
Which condition is associated with clubbing of the nails?
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What is the leading risk factor for lung cancer?
What is the leading risk factor for lung cancer?
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What is the characteristic sputum associated with cystic fibrosis?
What is the characteristic sputum associated with cystic fibrosis?
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What is the recommended screening measure for current or recent heavy smokers?
What is the recommended screening measure for current or recent heavy smokers?
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Study Notes
Assessing Dyspnea and Associated Symptoms
- Dyspnea severity is determined by the patient's ability to perform daily activities such as climbing stairs or carrying groceries and its impact on their lifestyle.
- Anxious patients may describe difficulty breathing deeply, a smothering sensation, and tingling sensations, and may experience episodic dyspnea during rest and exercise.
- Wheezing is a musical respiratory sound that may indicate lower airway obstruction from conditions such as asthma or foreign body obstruction.
- The most common causes of acute cough are viral upper respiratory infections and acute bronchitis, while chronic cough can be caused by conditions such as postnasal drip, asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux.
- Cough assessment includes determining if the cough is dry or productive, the volume, color, odor, and consistency of sputum.
- Hemoptysis should be confirmed as originating from the respiratory tract and not from the nose, mouth, or gastrointestinal tract.
- Chest pain can arise from various thoracic and cardiac causes, including the myocardium, pericardium, aorta, trachea, pleura, chest wall, esophagus, and extrathoracic structures.
- Differentiating among the causes of chest pain involves eliciting the location, characteristics, and associated attributes of the pain.
- Lung tissue has no pain fibers, so pain from conditions such as pneumonia usually arises from inflammation of the adjacent parietal pleura.
- The presence of wheezing can indicate asthma, while large volumes of purulent sputum may suggest bronchiectasis or lung abscess.
- Foul-smelling sputum may indicate anaerobic lung abscess, while thick tenacious sputum may suggest cystic fibrosis.
- Diagnostically helpful symptoms associated with a cough include fever and productive cough in pneumonia, and wheezing in asthma.
Respiratory Conditions and Diagnostic Measures
- Risk of latent tuberculosis is higher for individuals born or previously residing in high tuberculosis prevalence countries.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by a barrel chest and increased anteroposterior diameter.
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is diagnosed through polysomnography and can be treated with positive airway pressure.
- The STOP-Bang questionnaire can help identify individuals at risk for OSA.
- Cystic fibrosis is associated with translucent, white, or gray mucoid sputum and foul-smelling sputum in anaerobic lung abscess.
- Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer, with radon being the second leading cause in the US.
- Annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is recommended for current or recent heavy smokers.
- Needle insertion for decompression of tension pneumothorax is recommended at the 2nd intercostal space.
- Asymmetric decreased fremitus raises the likelihood of unilateral pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or neoplasm.
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by signs of respiratory distress and tachypnea.
- Clubbing of the nails occurs in bronchiectasis, congenital heart disease, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, lung abscess, and malignancy.
- Dyspnea is a key symptom in assessing cardiac and pulmonary diseases.
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Description
Test your knowledge of assessing dyspnea and associated symptoms with this quiz. Explore the variety of symptoms related to respiratory distress and learn about their potential causes. This quiz covers topics such as dyspnea severity, wheezing, cough assessment, hemoptysis, and chest pain differentiation.
