EMS Ethics and Vital Signs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct technique for suctioning a patient's mouth?

  • Suction continuously during both insertion and withdrawal
  • Suction while inserting the catheter
  • Suction while withdrawing the catheter (correct)
  • Suction only while ventilating with high-concentration oxygen

    • What device should be used to administer oxygen to a breathing, unconscious 18-year-old patient?

  • Simple face mask
  • Venous cannula
  • Nasal cannula
  • Non-rebreathing mask (correct)

    • What should you do if you encounter resistance while inserting a nasopharyngeal airway?

  • Proceed with inserting the nasopharyngeal airway.
  • Insert an oropharyngeal airway instead.
  • Lubricate the tube and attempt insertion into the other nostril. (correct)
  • Remove the tube and try with a larger size.

    • What approximately is the total volume of blood in an adult male weighing 150 lb?

    <p>6 liters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a late sign of hypoperfusion (shock)?

    <p>Falling blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the FIRST objective in the care of any burn?

    <p>Stop the burning process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the umbilical cord is wrapped around the infant's neck and cannot be slipped free, what should be done?

    <p>Transport immediately and not cut the cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hazardous materials incident involving injuries, what is the FIRST action you should take?

    <p>Evaluate the potential hazard to you, the rescuer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should you approach an airborne contamination incident?

    <p>Upwind from the incident (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of body surface is estimated if burns occur on the chest, abdomen, and entire left arm?

    <p>27% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate position to splint an injured hand?

    <p>In the position it is found (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should an EMS provider not straighten a dislocated joint before splinting?

    <p>There is danger of impairing nerve function and blood supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for a trauma victim with a suspected hip joint injury?

    <p>Apply padded board splints and a long spine board (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In treating a 10-year-old boy with possible fractures of the right lower arm and femur, what should the EMS provider do first?

    <p>Check distal pulses and sensation, and splint the involved extremities before moving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is best treated with a soft pillow splint?

    <p>Elbow injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to take when addressing bleeding from the ear?

    <p>Transport immediately and do nothing with the ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct procedure for controlling a nosebleed in a patient without suspected spinal trauma?

    <p>Pinch the patient's nostrils together and sit the patient leaning forward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components make up the central nervous system?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vital sign changes may indicate increased pressure within the skull after a severe head injury?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure and slow pulse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When treating a patient with a brain injury, which change is most crucial to monitor?

    <p>Mental status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a sign or symptom of a head injury?

    <p>Sensation and motion in the arms but not in the legs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a skull fracture?

    <p>Ceerebrospinal fluid leaking from the ears (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which level does spinal cord injury result in loss of both arm and leg function?

    <p>Cervical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the FIRST action when arriving at a home with a three-year-old child who has ingested drain cleaner?

    <p>Consult with Medical Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oxygen delivery device should be used for a conscious patient who has inhaled poisonous gas?

    <p>Non-rebreathing mask (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should an EMS Provider assist a conscious patient in taking a nitroglycerin pill?

    <p>Places it under his/her tongue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain do most patients with cardiac-related chest pain report?

    <p>Pressure or heaviness that does not vary with breathing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most obvious indication of a paralyzed limb in a nontraumatic brain injury patient?

    <p>Appear loose and will lack muscle tone when it is moved by the EMS Provider (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper care for a victim of a respiratory emergency?

    <p>Assisting the patient with his/her inhaler (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are respiratory effects of an allergic reaction?

    <p>Coughing, hoarseness, labored breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position should a mother be placed for delivery?

    <p>Lying on a firm surface, with her knees drawn up and spread apart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate treatment for a patient in hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Keeping the patient warm and on his/her back with the legs elevated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended procedure for transporting a severed limb?

    <p>Wrap the limb in sterile gauze, seal in a plastic bag, and keep the limb cool (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of a penetrating glass injury to the cheek, what should the EMS provider do?

    <p>Leave the glass in the cheek and apply a dressing on both sides of the wound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To assess the circulatory status of a patient's limbs distal to an injury site, which assessments should be performed?

    <p>Pulses, skin color, and temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A closed bone or joint injury is best defined as an injury that:

    <p>In which there is no break in the continuity of the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After immobilizing a painful, swollen, deformed collarbone, what should be the next priority?

    <p>Check the airway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most serious issue associated with a joint injury is that it:

    <p>Is frequently accompanied by nerve and vascular damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a painful, swollen deformity of the forearm, the recommended immobilization includes:

    <p>Elbow and wrist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Splinting an injured hand

    Splinting an injured hand in the position it's found helps maintain alignment and reduces the risk of further injury.

    Straightening a dislocated joint

    Straightening a dislocated joint can damage nerves and blood vessels, potentially causing permanent harm.

    Treatment for a hip joint injury

    A traction splint is used to stabilize a fractured femur, but it's not appropriate for a hip injury.

    Soft pillow splint

    A soft pillow splint is designed to support and immobilize an injured elbow.

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    Splinting an injured elbow

    Splinting the elbow in the position it's found helps maintain alignment and prevent further injury.

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    Proper Suction Technique

    Suctioning a patient's mouth should be done during both insertion and withdrawal of the catheter, ensuring a clear airway.

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    Nasopharyngeal Airway Resistance

    When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, resistance indicates a potential obstruction. Relubricating the tube and attempting the other nostril is the safest approach.

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    Vein Bleeding

    Bleeding from a vein is characterized by dark red blood that flows steadily, unlike arterial bleeding which is brighter and spurts.

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    Hypoperfusion in Burns

    The primary cause of hypoperfusion (shock) in burn victims is the loss of plasma, which is essential for maintaining blood volume and pressure.

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    Hypovolemic Shock

    Hypovolemic shock occurs due to a significant loss of blood or fluid, causing a decrease in blood volume and pressure.

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    Treatment for hypovolemic shock

    Keeping patient warm and on their back with legs elevated.

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    Transporting a severed limb

    The process of transporting a severed limb to the hospital.

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    Recommended procedure for transporting a severed limb

    Wrap the limb in sterile gauze, place on ice, then seal both in a plastic bag.

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    Closed bone or joint injury

    An injury where there is no break in the skin.

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    Priority after immobilizing a collarbone

    Check the airway for any obstructions and ensure it is patent.

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    Most serious consequence of a joint injury

    The most serious problem associated with a joint injury is that it can damage nerves and blood vessels.

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    Recommended treatment for a deformed forearm

    Immobilize the elbow and wrist.

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    Bleeding ear

    Apply direct pressure to the ear to control bleeding, using a sterile dressing if available.

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    Controlling a Nosebleed

    Have the patient sit upright with the head tilted slightly forward to promote drainage.

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    Central Nervous System

    The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.

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    Signs of Increased Cranial Pressure

    Brain injury can lead to increased pressure within the skull, resulting in elevated blood pressure and a slow pulse.

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    Monitoring Brain Injury

    Changes in a patient's mental status, pupil reaction, respiratory rate, and blood pressure are important indicators of brain injury severity.

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    Signs of Spinal Cord Injury

    Loss of sensation and motion in the arms, but not legs, can indicate a spinal cord injury.

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    Sign of Skull Fracture

    Cerebrospinal fluid leaking from the ears is a potential sign of a skull fracture.

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    Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

    Injury to the cervical region of the spinal cord can result in loss of function in both arms and legs.

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    Guiding the baby's head upward during delivery

    The process of guiding the baby's head upwards to facilitate delivery, particularly when the upper shoulder is stuck. This maneuver helps to free the shoulder and allows for a safe delivery.

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    Cephalic Presentation

    This refers to the position of the baby in the womb, with the head facing downwards, ready for birth. It's the ideal position for a safe and straightforward delivery.

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    First priority in burn care

    The top priority when dealing with burns is to immediately stop the burning process. This prevents further injury and limits the severity of the burn.

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    First action in a hazardous materials incident with injuries

    In a hazardous materials incident with injuries, the first step is to assess the threat to yourself, the rescuer. Ensuring your safety is paramount before approaching any potentially harmful situation.

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    Treatment for heat emergency with hot, dry skin

    When treating a heat emergency patient with hot, dry skin, it's essential to avoid giving them fluids by mouth. This can worsen their condition and may lead to further complications.

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    First action for drain cleaner ingestion

    First action for a child who has ingested drain cleaner is to immediately contact medical control for guidance.

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    How to administer nitroglycerin

    A nitroglycerin pill should be placed under the patient's tongue to dissolve and be absorbed quickly.

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    Paralyzed limb sign

    The most prominent sign of a paralyzed limb in a non-traumatic brain injury is a lack of muscle tone, meaning the limb feels loose and floppy when moved.

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    Respiratory emergency care

    The proper care for a respiratory emergency involves assisting the patient with their inhaler, if they have one, to help them breathe easier.

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    Allergic reaction respiratory effects

    Respiratory effects of an allergic reaction include coughing, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing.

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    Best position for delivery

    The mother should lie on a firm surface with her knees drawn up and spread apart for delivery.

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    Amniotic sac function

    The amniotic sac's main function is to protect the fetus from injury and provide a sterile environment for development.

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    Cardiac chest pain description

    Cardiac-related chest pain is usually described as a pressure or heaviness that does not change with breathing.

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    Study Notes

    Practice Questions 2

    • Improper behavior by EMS crew members includes discussing a recent case with non-EMS personnel. This breaches patient privacy and is unethical.

    • Implied consent is the appropriate form of consent when treating an unconscious patient.

    • Semi-Fowler's is another name for the left lateral position.

    • Distal to the left elbow is the appropriate anatomical description for an injury located midway down the left forearm.

    Additional Questions

    • If a life-threatening problem is discovered during the initial assessment, transport the patient to the hospital immediately.

    • Auscultation is the act of listening.

    • The "A" in AVPU stands for Alert.

    • An unconscious trauma victim responding to painful stimuli in both extremities suggests a possible spinal injury.

    Vital Signs

    • The purpose of the first set of vital signs is to establish a baseline for additional evaluations, determine necessities for the prehospital care report (PCR), accurately measure the patient's status, and fully assess the patient's condition.

    • The alveoli in the lungs are in close contact with the pulmonary capillaries.

    • The trachea carries air from the throat to the lungs.

    • For correcting a tongue obstruction in an unconscious patient with suspected spinal trauma, slightly lifting the patient's neck is an acceptable method.

    Airway Obstruction

    • Patients making a crowing sound (stridor) while inhaling have a severe airway obstruction with poor air exchange.

    • When performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious adult with a severe airway obstruction, place the thumb side of the hand between the sternum and the xiphoid process.

    • If the patient’s chest does not rise completely during ventilation through a stoma, and escaping air is noted from the mouth or nose, reposition the head to re-ventilate, and manually seal the mouth and nose.

    Additional Questions

    • In the presence of a cord injury, special techniques should be used to open the airway without moving the spinal cord.

    • When ventilating an infant with inadequate breathing, provide rescue breaths at a rate of one breath every two seconds.

    • The liver is the organ most susceptible to damage if hands are placed on the xiphoid process during chest compressions.

    • CPR should begin as soon as the pulseless, apneic patient is reached, in the water and supported.

    Chest Compressions

    • Effective chest compressions for adults must be hard and fast, with minimal interruptions, allowing for full chest recoil; pause to check the pulse every minute.

    • When performing CPR while transporting, move the stretcher as rapidly as possible while maintaining effective CPR. Keep the stretcher high and the patient's head raised for easier ventilation.

    Oxygen Utilization

    • For a non-rebreather mask with oxygen reservoir, set the liter flow to 15 L/min.

    • Nasopharyngeal airways are more likely to elicit a gag reflex than oropharyngeal airways; should be coated with lubricant before insertion and used in both nostrils.

    • If an obstruction is encounter during nasopharyngeal airway insertion, switch to an oropharyngeal airway.

    Patient Assessment and Interventions

    • Excessive force during mouth-to-mask ventilation can distend the stomach, leading to difficulty in lung ventilation and increased likelihood of vomiting.

    • When an unconscious trauma victim reacts to painful stimuli in both limbs, assume that there is a possible spinal injury.

    • An unconscious patient with a penetrating chest wound and frothy, bright-red blood from the mouth should be immediately placed on the uninjured side.

    • Administer high-concentration oxygen to an unconscious, breathing patient with a penetrating chest wound if a chest wall has been sealed.

    • Signs of multiple broken ribs include unequal chest expansion, inadequate breathing, deformity, and pain, along with rapid breathing, cyanosis, and rapid weak pulse.

    • If there is no suspected spinal injury in a patient with a chest injury, the appropriate transport position is prone with the head turned to the side.

    Additional Topics

    • A patient with a bleeding, depressed scalp wound should be treated with a loosely applied sterile dressing. This may be followed by a pressure dressing.

    • For an unconscious patient with a suspected spinal trauma, the first step is to immobilize the entire spine before any other steps.

    • The patient's condition, not discomfort, is the primary factor to determine when removing the straps on emotionally disturbed and potentially violent patients.

    • The first step for a patient who has a penetrated wound in their cheek with severe bleeding should be to remove the glass, then dress both sides of the wound, and avoid removal of the glass if it affects breathing.

    • Assess distal circulation for a patient who has suffered an injury to a distal body part by checking pulses, skin temperature, and skin color.

    • Severe problems with a joint injury include nerve and blood supply damage and grotesque deformity requiring immobilization.

    • Splinting the elbow in the position found, instead of straightening the joint directly, is vital to avoid injury.

    • A patient needing an airway check because of suspected spinal trauma should have the airway opened using special techniques to avoid further injuries.

    • If a victim is ejected from a vehicle, the first thing the EMS provider needs to do is establish a perimeter around the accident scene, then stabilize the vehicle using rescue personnel, determine the number of victims, and immediately assess the patient(s).

    • Rapid triage should be performed immediately at multiple casualty incidents and victims need to be sorted according to injury severity. This is followed by assigning a staging zone, contacting nearby hospitals, contacting dispatch, and confirming the best route.

    • A patient with a head injury may display changes in mental status and pupil reaction, and a respiratory rate and blood pressure should be recorded.

    • Signs of a head injury can include sensation and motion problems, eye discoloration, and brief blackouts.

    • During a delivery, if the umbilical cord is wound around the baby's neck, attempt to free it; if unsuccessful, clamp and cut the cord.

    • Initial burn care involves stopping the burning process, alleviating pain, preventing infection, and excluding air from the burn area.

    • In a hazardous material incident, the first step is to remove the injured from the immediate area and proceed with patient assessment, evaluate potential hazards to the rescuers, and initiate immediate life support procedures.

    • Treatment for unconsciousness due to hypothermia involves preventing further heat loss while rapidly rewarming the patient using external heat sources or fluids with caffeine.

    • Life-threatening signs of a heat emergency include high temperatures and dry skin or excessive perspiration. If unresponsive, ensure and rapid re-warming.

    • When assessing a hypothermic patient, check the pulse for 15 seconds, and implement prompt transportation, move extremities, apply heat packs for rewarming, and avoid caffeine-related fluids.

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    Practice Questions 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the ethical considerations and vital signs relevant to emergency medical services. This quiz covers topics such as consent, patient privacy, and specific anatomical terms. Prepare to challenge your understanding of emergency care protocols and best practices.

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