Employee Retention Factors
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Questions and Answers

What is a common reason employees leave a job?

  • Wish to work longer hours
  • Need for work-life balance (correct)
  • Interest in less responsibility
  • Desire for increased salary

Which of the following is NOT a component of effective self-management?

  • Creating a to-do list
  • Identifying short-term goals
  • Rewarding yourself for failures (correct)
  • Prioritizing tasks

What are the two overarching categories of leader behaviors identified in the content?

  • Motivational and Functional
  • Directive and Supportive
  • Task-oriented and Relationship-oriented (correct)
  • Strategic and Operational

What is the first step in the six steps of self-management?

<p>Identify your wildly important long-term goal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do organizations invest in leadership coaching?

<p>To enhance a leader’s skills and abilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which employee characteristic is important in determining the effectiveness of leadership behaviors?

<p>Locus of control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do employees with an internal locus of control generally prefer their leader's style?

<p>Relationship-oriented leader behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In goal setting, short-term goals are meant to:

<p>Serve as milestones toward achieving long-term goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the environmental factors that affects leadership effectiveness?

<p>Task structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best differentiates leading from managing?

<p>Leaders influence others to pursue goals, while managers enforce rules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does House's path-goal theory differ from Fiedler’s contingency model regarding leadership style?

<p>It assumes leadership style is flexible. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective prioritization of tasks generally involves which of the following?

<p>Assessing the importance and urgency of each task (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome of offering nonmonetary incentives to employees?

<p>Higher levels of employee retention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason why task-oriented leader behaviors are preferred by some employees?

<p>They prefer clarity, goals, and guidance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five employee characteristics mentioned that can affect leadership behavior effectiveness?

<p>Locus of control, task ability, need for achievement, experience, and need for path-goal clarity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the model propose regarding the role of the leader in relation to the environment?

<p>Leaders must provide additional resources and support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a 'wildly important goal'?

<p>A personal vision statement or critical objective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does breaking a wildly important goal into smaller goals help in achieving it?

<p>It increases the likelihood of achieving the ultimate goal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage in the process of achieving your wildly important goal?

<p>Defining long-term aspirations and SMART goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of not prioritizing tasks on a to-do list?

<p>Working on easier tasks instead of harder ones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does a 'to-do' list serve in goal achievement?

<p>It outlines daily activities necessary to meet short-term goals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects the concept of SMART in goal setting?

<p>Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In relation to goal setting, what is the distinction between short-term and long-term goals?

<p>Short-term goals provide immediate actionable steps toward longer objectives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to organize tasks by prioritizing them?

<p>To maximize efficiency and enable the completion of interdependent tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of power is derived from personal attraction and is often associated with strong leaders?

<p>Referent Power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines informational power?

<p>Power based on access to valuable information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of employees who show commitment to an influence attempt?

<p>They change their behavior because they want to. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is central to influence tactics used in organizations?

<p>They aim to directly change someone's beliefs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which influence tactic is most effective at fostering employee commitment?

<p>Inspirational appeals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of leadership, what is the primary difference between compliance and commitment?

<p>Compliance involves agreement without enthusiasm, whereas commitment involves full support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might administrative assistants possess expert power?

<p>They have long tenure and extensive contacts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can influence tactics be perceived in a workplace setting?

<p>As either constructive or destructive based on intent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of leader behaviors identified in the content?

<p>Task-oriented and relationship-oriented (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which employee characteristic indicates a person's belief in their control over the work environment?

<p>Locus of control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do employees with a high task ability generally prefer leader behavior?

<p>They prefer relationship-oriented behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the environmental factors that influence leadership effectiveness?

<p>Task structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to House’s path-goal theory, which aspect does a leader provide to support employees in an inadequate environment?

<p>Incremental information, support, and resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employees with an external locus of control tend to prefer which type of leadership behavior?

<p>Task-oriented behaviors with clarity and guidance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach does House's path-goal model take regarding a leader's style?

<p>It should adapt to employees and context. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the employee characteristic referred to as 'experience' in the context of leadership?

<p>The knowledge and skills accumulated over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinct responsibility of leaders compared to managers?

<p>Creating a vision for the organization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is characteristic of effective management?

<p>Organizing and directing resources efficiently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do leaders primarily ensure the survival of an organization in a dynamic business environment?

<p>By directing constant change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach distinguishes a leader's role from a manager's role when it comes to team dynamics?

<p>Leaders inspire their followers to reach shared goals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of poor leadership choices regarding direction in an organization?

<p>Confusion and lack of inspiration among employees. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is primarily associated with successful management?

<p>Achieving goals by managing daily tasks effectively. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mistake leaders make when attempting to guide their organization?

<p>Choosing overly ambitious goals without support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do leaders differ from managers in their approach to dealing with changes within an organization?

<p>Leaders embrace and guide change effectively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of equity theory in motivation?

<p>Fair treatment perceptions compared to others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of expectancy theory?

<p>Justice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does job enrichment involve?

<p>Enhancing the depth of a job's tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

<p>A bonus for meeting sales targets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of job design focuses on fitting jobs to people?

<p>Modern approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of behavior modification?

<p>Punitive compliance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the critical psychological states affected by the job characteristics model?

<p>Motivation, performance, and satisfaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a core job characteristic related to task significance?

<p>The impact of the task on others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nonmonetary incentive could effectively motivate employees?

<p>Recognition programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is distributive justice concerned with?

<p>Perceived fairness in the distribution of rewards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might focusing solely on easier tasks reduce overall productivity?

<p>Easier tasks are less important than more difficult ones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of establishing start and stop dates for tasks?

<p>It assists in organizing the schedule and monitoring progress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is most crucial when dealing with unforeseen inhibitors while executing a task plan?

<p>Adjusting the plan as necessary. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals generally recharge in a way that differs from electronic devices?

<p>Individuals recharge uniquely, based on personal preferences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activity would likely be considered a rewarding activity for someone who is extroverted?

<p>Attending a large social gathering. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'recharging' mean for an introverted individual as mentioned in the content?

<p>Spending time in solitude or engaging in quiet activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is encouraged after achieving various milestones in a task plan?

<p>To reward oneself with something valued. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of effective task management software?

<p>It helps organize tasks and monitor progress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an intrinsic reward in the context of motivation?

<p>Personal satisfaction from completing a task (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory explores the idea that human needs are hierarchical?

<p>Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do process perspectives on employee motivation focus on?

<p>The psychological processes influencing decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, what term describes the factors that lead to dissatisfaction?

<p>Hygiene factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mindfulness meditation?

<p>It aims to enhance mental awareness and calmness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major perspective on motivation?

<p>Reinforcement theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to motivational theories, what do extrinsic rewards typically involve?

<p>Tangible benefits such as pay or bonuses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach do need-based perspectives primarily emphasize?

<p>The fundamental needs that drive behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an activity that can help recharge both mind and body?

<p>Practicing mindfulness meditation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory focus on?

<p>The satisfaction of innate psychological needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Work-life balance

A need for employees to have time for both their work and personal life.

Nonmonetary incentives

Rewards that are not financial, such as benefits, flexible work, or time off.

Self-management steps

Six steps to increase self-motivation, from identifying goals to creating schedules.

Leadership

The ability to inspire employees to work towards organizational goals.

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Leadership vs. Management

Leadership focuses on influencing others, while management focuses on organizing and controlling.

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Management development programs

Training programs designed to improve leadership skills.

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Leadership coaching

Personalized guidance to enhance leadership skills, abilities and competencies.

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Wildly Important Goal

A long-term objective that is extremely important to an individual.

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Task-oriented leader behaviors

Leadership behaviors focused on clarifying roles, setting goals, and providing structure.

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Relationship-oriented leader behaviors

Leadership behaviors focused on building relationships, supporting employees, and creating a positive work environment.

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Employee characteristics

Individual traits (e.g., locus of control, task ability, experience) that influence leadership effectiveness.

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Environmental factors

External conditions (e.g., task structure, work group dynamics) that affect leadership effectiveness.

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Internal locus of control

Belief that one's outcomes are primarily influenced by their own actions and efforts.

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External locus of control

Belief that one's outcomes are primarily influenced by external forces beyond their control.

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Path-goal theory

Leadership theory stating that leaders must provide employees with the guidance and support they need to achieve their goals.

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Flexible leadership style

Adapting leadership approach based on employee characteristics and environmental factors.

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Breaking Down Goals

Dividing a large goal (like a good job) into smaller, more manageable steps (like maintain a GPA or get an internship).

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Short-Term Goals

Specific, measurable milestones that, when achieved, contribute towards reaching the 'wildly important' long-term goal.

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To-Do List

A detailed plan of daily activities needed to achieve short-term goals.

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Prioritize Tasks

Organize your to-do list by importance and sequence to maximize efficiency and accomplish interdependent tasks.

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SMART Framework

A method for setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals.

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SMART Goals

Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

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Avoid Easy Tasks

A common error when prioritizing tasks is over-focus on easier tasks, which negatively impacts progress towards the long-term goal.

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Task Importance Ranking

Categorizing tasks on a scale from 1 (least important) to 5 (most important) helps prioritize your work effectively.

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Time Schedule for Tasks

Setting specific start and end dates for tasks provides structure and helps you track your progress.

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Recharging Strategies

Finding ways to regain energy and focus is crucial for sustained productivity.

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Types of Rechargers

Individuals recharge differently, with some needing social interaction while others prefer solitude.

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Prioritizing Importance over Ease

Focusing on important tasks first, even if challenging, leads to greater progress.

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Flexibility in Task Plans

Be prepared to adapt your schedule when unexpected events arise.

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Rewarding Yourself

Celebrating achievements, however small, boosts motivation and keeps you engaged.

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Work the Plan

Put your plan into action, stay focused, and don't be afraid to make adjustments as needed.

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Leader's role

Leaders inspire, provide emotional support, set a vision, and create a strategic plan for an organization.

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Manager's role

Managers focus on planning, organizing, directing, and controlling to implement the vision and plan.

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What separates leaders from managers?

While leaders are visionary and inspiring, managers focus on executing plans and managing resources.

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Leadership mistakes

Mistakes occur when leaders choose the wrong goals, fail to inspire, or don't implement their vision.

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Management mistakes

Managers make mistakes when they don't appreciate people as resources, fail to treat them well, or lack accountability.

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Leadership importance in change

Organizations need leadership to navigate change, adapt to the dynamic business landscape, and ensure survival.

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People are led

The core principle is that individuals are led, not managed, highlighting the importance of leadership in organizations.

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Complexity vs. Change

Management addresses organization complexity, while leadership tackles organizational change.

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Motivation

The psychological drive that directs our goal-oriented behavior.

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Extrinsic Rewards

Rewards that come from outside a person, like money or praise.

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Intrinsic Rewards

Rewards that come from within a person, like satisfaction or enjoyment.

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory that proposes five levels of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

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McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory

Three needs motivate people: achievement, affiliation, and power.

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Deci & Ryan's Self-Determination Theory

People are motivated by three innate needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

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Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Job satisfaction comes from 'motivating factors,' while dissatisfaction comes from 'hygiene factors.'

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Content Perspectives

Theories that focus on the needs that drive motivation.

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Process Perspectives

Theories that focus on the thought processes involved in making decisions about how to act.

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Mindfulness Meditation

A practice that involves paying attention to the present moment without judgment.

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Equity Theory

This theory focuses on how employees perceive fairness in their treatment compared to others, considering their inputs (effort, skills) and outputs (rewards).

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Organizational Justice

This concept assesses the overall perceived fairness within an organization, encompassing how fairly employees believe they're treated.

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Distributive Justice

This type of organizational justice focuses on the fairness of the outcomes, such as pay, promotions, or workload distribution.

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Procedural Justice

This type of organizational justice assesses the fairness of the processes used to make decisions, such as performance evaluations or promotions.

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Interactional Justice

This type of organizational justice focuses on the respect, dignity, and empathy shown during interactions between employees and management.

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Expectancy Theory

This theory suggests that employees are motivated by three factors: expectancy (belief they can succeed), instrumentality (belief that performance leads to rewards), and valence (value placed on the rewards).

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Goal-Setting Theory

This theory states that employees are motivated by clear, challenging, and achievable goals that have action plans.

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Job Enlargement

A job design technique where employees take on more tasks at the same level of responsibility, adding variety.

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Job Enrichment

A job design technique that increases the level of responsibility and control employees have over their work.

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Job Characteristics Model

This model outlines five core job characteristics that affect three critical psychological states of employees, influencing their motivation, performance, and satisfaction.

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Path-Goal Leadership

A leadership approach where leaders provide employees with the necessary guidance, support, and resources to achieve their goals.

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Expert Power

Influence based on knowledge, skills, or experience.

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Referent Power

Influence based on personal attraction or charisma.

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Informational Power

Influence based on access to valuable information.

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Influence Tactics

Conscious efforts to affect someone’s beliefs or behavior.

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Commitment (Influence Outcome)

Employees agree with a request and actively support it.

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Compliance (Influence Outcome)

Employees go along with a request despite having mixed feelings.

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What is the relationship between power and influence?

Power is the potential to influence others, while influence is the actual act of affecting someone's beliefs or behavior.

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Why are influence tactics important in organizations?

They help managers and leaders to motivate employees, build consensus, and achieve organizational goals.

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Study Notes

Management Study Notes

  • Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals.
  • Needs theories emphasize the deficiencies that motivate people. These deficiencies, or needs, influence behavior and vary across time and place. Environmental factors play a role in shaping and changing these needs.
  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory suggests that five levels of needs motivate people – physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Basic needs must be met before higher-level needs become a motivator.
  • McClelland's theory of acquired needs suggests that employees are motivated by achievement, affiliation, and power. These needs are learned, and one need can often take precedence over the others.
  • Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory emphasizes competence, autonomy, and relatedness as intrinsic motivators. People are driven to grow and attain self-fulfillment by understanding these three key elements.
  • Herzberg's two-factor theory categorizes factors that influence job satisfaction ("motivators") and dissatisfaction ("hygiene factors"). Motivators are related to the job itself, while hygiene factors are related to the work environment. These aren't mutually exclusive and different employees are motivated by different things.
  • Equity theory posits that employees strive for fairness and justice in their work environment. Comparisons with others' outcomes and their respective inputs drive this perception of fairness or inequity.
  • Expectancy theory suggests motivation is influenced by expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy is the belief that effort will lead to performance. Instrumentality is the belief that performance will lead to rewards. Valence is the value an individual places on the rewards.
  • Goal-setting theory states that specific and challenging goals can motivate employees. It directs attention, regulates effort, increases persistence, and encourages the use of strategies to achieve those goals.
  • Job design is the division of work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase satisfaction and performance.
    • Job enlargement increases the number of tasks. Job enrichment increases responsibility and motivating factors.
  • The job characteristics model identifies five core job characteristics that influence psychological states: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.
  • Relational job design focuses on creating relationships that inspire prosocial motivation in a workplace environment.
  • Reinforcement theory explains behavioral change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, while undesirable behavior will decrease.
  • Positive reinforcement strengthens wanted behavior by adding something positive. Negative reinforcement strengthens wanted behavior by removing negative stimuli. Extinction decreases undesirable behavior by ignoring unwanted actions. Punishment decreases undesirable behavior by adding negative stimuli or removing positive stimuli.
  • Compensation is one form of work motivator, including pay for performance, bonuses, profit sharing, gainsharing, stock options, and pay for knowledge.
  • Nonmonetary incentives are another motivation strategy. Examples include work-life balance, professional development opportunities, and a positive work environment.
  • Self-motivation can be improved by applying the six steps of self-management. These six steps are (1) Define your wildly important goals, (2) Break your goals into smaller ones, (3) Make a to-do list, (4) Prioritize the tasks, (5) Create a schedule, and (6) Implement and adjust the plan as needed.
  • Leadership is the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals through the pursuit of a vision or strategic goal.
  • Managerial leadership focuses on planning, organizing, directing, and controlling.
  • Six sources of power that leaders can utilize are (1) Legitimate, (2) Reward, (3) Coercive, (4) Expert, (5) Referent, and (6) Informational.
  • Trait approaches to leadership focus on identifying distinctive personal characteristics or traits. These traits can include dominance, intelligence, self-confidence, high energy, and task-relevant knowledge
  • Behavioural approaches emphasize particular behaviours in leaders. This approach is broken down into two categories – task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors.
  • Situational leadership approaches consider the circumstances surrounding a leadership situation to predict the best leadership approach
    • Fiedler’s contingency leadership style model
    • House’s path-goal leadership model
  • Full-range leadership style model
    • Transactional
    • Transformational
  • Contemporary approaches to leadership include the LMX model, servant leadership, humble leadership, empowering leadership, and ethical leadership
    • Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
  • Abusive supervision is the sustained display of hostility towards subordinates.
  • Total Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive approach for continuous quality improvement
  • Types of control are feedforward, concurrent, and feedback control
  • Financial statements include the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows.
  • The balanced scorecard is a method for tracking and measuring performance in terms of financial, customer, internal, and learning/innovation aspects.
  • Quality is the total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs and quality control and assurance are two key elements in implementing quality management.
  • Deming Management (14 steps), focusing on improving quality
  • Using technology to control for increased efficiency and productivity

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Description

Explore the common reasons employees choose to leave their jobs. This quiz analyzes various factors that contribute to employee turnover and offers insights into improving retention. Understand the dynamics of job satisfaction and workplace culture.

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