24 Questions
Norepinephrine strengthens connectivity in the _______________________ (PFC), aiding focus.
prefrontal cortex
What is characterized by overwhelming stress and information overload?
High arousal
The optimal balance of catecholamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine is essential for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to function effectively.
True
What is the term used to describe the peak of the inverted U, often referred to as being 'in the zone'?
Flow
Match the criteria that define the state of flow:
clear challenge = captures attention skills necessary = to meet the challenge immediate feedback = on performance positive feeling = from the activity
What happens when individuals are fully engaged and motivated to achieve a task?
They experience flow
Too little catecholamine leads to apathy and distraction.
True
Who delved deeper into the concept of the inverted U?
Amy Arnsten of Yale
What is the primary focus of Content Theories of motivation?
Identifying internal factors such as instincts, needs, satisfaction, and job characteristics that energize employee motivation
Intrinsic motivation is derived from external factors such as money and recognition.
False
What is the name of the theory that represents a satisfaction-progression process, where individuals progress up a needs hierarchy as a result of the satisfaction of lower-order needs?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
According to Alderfer's ERG Theory, the desire for physiological and materialistic wellbeing is categorized as ______________ needs.
Existence
What is the primary focus of Process Theories of motivation?
Explaining the process by which internal factors and cognitions influence employee motivation
Extrinsic motivation is derived from internal factors such as inherent satisfaction and enjoyment of the job.
False
What are the three categories of needs in Alderfer's ERG Theory?
Existence, Relatedness, and Growth
Match the following motivation theories with their descriptions:
Content Theories = Identifying internal factors that energize employee motivation Process Theories = Explaining the process by which internal factors and cognitions influence employee motivation Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs = A satisfaction-progression process, where individuals progress up a needs hierarchy as a result of the satisfaction of lower-order needs Alderfer's ERG Theory = Categorizing needs into Existence, Relatedness, and Growth
What happens when individuals are in a state of flow?
They feel vibrant, focused, and in a state of flow
Intrinsic motivation is derived from external factors such as money and recognition.
False
The inverted U curve represents the relationship between ______________ and our ability to perform a task.
arousal level
What is the optimal balance of catecholamines essential for?
the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to function effectively
Match the motivation theories with their descriptions:
Content Theories = Focus on the content or type of motivation Process Theories = Explain how motivation occurs
According to Alderfer's ERG Theory, what are the three categories of needs?
Existence, Relatedness, and Growth
Extrinsic motivation is derived from internal factors such as inherent satisfaction and enjoyment of the job.
False
What is the primary focus of Process Theories of motivation?
how motivation occurs
Study Notes
Employee Motivation
- Motivation is the psychological process that causes the arousal, direction, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal-directed.
- Many managers believe that money is the key to motivation, but employees can be motivated by various factors such as:
- Sense of achievement
- Recognition
- Enjoyment of the job
- Promotion opportunities
- Responsibility
- Personal growth
- Motivation depends on a wide variety of variables and is a complex issue involving both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors
- Intrinsic factors: inherent satisfaction derived from completing the activity
- Extrinsic factors: instrumental value gained from completing the activity
Content Theories of Motivation
- Focus on identifying internal factors such as instincts, needs, satisfaction, and job characteristics that energize employee motivation
- Examples:
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory: individuals progress up a needs hierarchy as a result of the satisfaction of lower-order needs
- Alderfer's ERG Theory: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth needs
Process Theories of Motivation
- Focus on explaining the process by which internal factors and cognitions influence employee motivation
- Examples:
- Yerkes-Dodson Law: the inverted U of performance shows that we need some stress but not too much
The Inverted U
- The relationship between arousal level and our ability to perform a task
- Optimal performance at intermediate arousal level: too much or too little arousal reduces our ability to perform the task well
- The inverted U illustrates the effects of both under-stimulation and excessive pressure on our cognitive performance
Chemical Balance and Flow
- Catecholamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine play crucial roles in brain function
- Optimal balance of these chemicals is essential for the prefrontal cortex to function effectively
- Flow is a state of effortless focus and immersion in an activity, characterized by:
- Clear challenge that captures attention
- Possessing the skills necessary to meet the challenge
- Receiving immediate feedback on performance
- Experiencing a positive feeling from the activity
Understand the psychological processes that drive employee motivation, including arousal, direction, and persistence of voluntary actions. Learn how managers can foster motivation beyond just monetary rewards.
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