Employee Behavior and Motivation
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Questions and Answers

What is the Equity Theory of motivation?

  • A theory that emphasizes the evaluation of treatment by the organization relative to others (correct)
  • A theory that emphasizes the use of rewards and punishments
  • A theory that emphasizes the importance of participative management
  • A theory that emphasizes the design of jobs to increase satisfaction

    • What is the primary goal of Management by Objectives (MBO)?

  • To increase job satisfaction through empowerment
  • To use positive reinforcement to motivate behavior
  • To set goals and evaluate progress involving both managers and subordinates (correct)
  • To redesign jobs to increase satisfaction

    • What is the purpose of Job Enrichment?

  • To add motivating factors to job activities (correct)
  • To increase job satisfaction through empowerment
  • To use punishments to discourage undesirable behavior
  • To give employees a voice in management

    • What is the primary goal of Participative Management and Empowerment?

    <p>To give employees a voice in the management of their jobs and the company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Positive Reinforcement?

    <p>A reward that follows desired behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Job Redesign?

    <p>To design a more satisfactory fit between workers and their jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Reinforcement/Behavior Modification?

    <p>To use rewards and punishments to motivate behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Punishment in the context of Reinforcement/Behavior Modification?

    <p>An unpleasant consequence of an undesirable behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is employee behavior defined as?

    <p>The pattern of actions by employees that directly or indirectly influences the organization’s effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are performance behaviors?

    <p>The total set of work-related behaviors that the organization expects employees to display</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of counterproductive behavior?

    <p>Absence from work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is personality in the context of work?

    <p>The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the 'Big Five' personality traits?

    <p>Agreeableness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is conscientiousness?

    <p>A reflection of the number of things a person tries to accomplish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are organizational citizenship behaviors?

    <p>Positive behaviors that do not directly contribute to the bottom line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of organizational citizenship behavior?

    <p>Volunteering for a new project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following personality traits reflects a person's comfort level with relationships?

    <p>Extraversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aspect of emotional intelligence concerning self-awareness?

    <p>Capacity for being aware of one's feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of effectively managing emotions?

    <p>Balancing anxiety, fear, and anger to achieve goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key aspect of empathy?

    <p>Understanding how others are feeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of social skills?

    <p>To establish positive relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key aspect of emotional intelligence?

    <p>Self-awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of motivating oneself?

    <p>Remaining optimistic in the face of setbacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of emotional intelligence?

    <p>Openness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary definition of an attitude in the workplace?

    <p>A person's beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the degree of enjoyment that people derive from performing their jobs?

    <p>Job satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an individual's identification with the organization and its mission?

    <p>Organizational commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the set of expectations held by an employee concerning what they will contribute to an organization and what the organization will provide in return?

    <p>Psychological contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the extent to which a person's contributions and the organization's inducements match one another?

    <p>Person-job fit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory that holds that workers are motivated solely by money?

    <p>Classical Theory of Motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways?

    <p>Motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the person-job fit?

    <p>Matching people's contributions with the organization's inducements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of combining tasks in edesign programs?

    <p>To make employees feel that their work is more meaningful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of modified work schedules?

    <p>More satisfied and committed employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between flextime and telecommuting?

    <p>Flextime allows workers to adjust work schedules, while telecommuting allows them to work from home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of forming natural work groups?

    <p>To help employees see the importance of their jobs in the total structure of the firm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of modified work schedules?

    <p>Challenging to coordinate and manage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of establishing client relationships?

    <p>To let employees interact with customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of work sharing (job sharing)?

    <p>Increased job satisfaction by allowing two or more people to share a single full-time job</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of telecommuting?

    <p>Lack of network and coworker contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Employee Behavior and Motivation

    • Employee Behavior: The pattern of actions by members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences the organization's effectiveness.
    • Performance Behaviors: The total set of work-related behaviors that the organization expects employees to display.
    • Organizational Citizenship: Positive behaviors that do not directly contribute to the bottom line, but are beneficial to the organization.
    • Counterproductive Behaviors: Behaviors that detract from organizational performance, including absenteeism, turnover, theft, sabotage, sexual harassment, and workplace violence.

    Personality at Work

    • Personality: The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another.
    • The "Big Five" Personality Traits:
      • Agreeableness: A person's ability to get along with others.
      • Conscientiousness: A reflection of the number of things a person tries to accomplish.
      • Emotionality: The degree to which people tend to be positive or negative in their outlook and behaviors toward others.
      • Extraversion: A person's comfort level with relationships.
      • Openness: Refers to how open or rigid a person is in terms of their beliefs.

    Emotional Intelligence

    • Emotional Intelligence (Emotional Quotient, EQ): The extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills.
    • Components of Emotional Intelligence:
      • Self-awareness: A person's capacity for being aware of how they are feeling.
      • Managing emotions: A person's capacity to balance anxiety, fear, and anger so that they do not overly interfere with getting things accomplished.
      • Motivating oneself: A person's ability to remain optimistic and strive in the face of setbacks, barriers, and failure.
      • Empathy: A person's ability to understand how others are feeling even without being explicitly told.
      • Social skills: A person's ability to get along with others and establish positive relationships.

    Attitudes at Work

    • Attitudes: A person's beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or people.
    • Job Satisfaction: The degree of enjoyment that people derive from performing their jobs.
    • Organizational Commitment: An individual's identification with the organization and its mission.

    Matching People and Jobs

    • Psychological Contract: The set of expectations held by an employee concerning what they will contribute to an organization and what the organization will provide in return.
    • Person-Job Fit: The extent to which a person's contributions and the organization's inducements match one another.

    Motivation Concepts and Theories

    • Motivation: The set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways.
    • Classical Theory of Motivation: Theory holding that workers are motivated solely by money.
    • Two-Factor Theory of Motivation: Theory holding that motivation is based on hygiene factors (basic needs) and motivator factors (higher-level needs).
    • Equity Theory: Theory holding that people evaluate their treatment by an organization relative to the treatment of others.
    • Reinforcement/Behavior Modification: A method of motivating behavior through positive reinforcement, punishment, and other consequences.
    • Management by Objectives (MBO): A set of procedures involving both managers and subordinates in setting goals and evaluating progress.

    Using Goals to Motivate Behavior

    • Participative Management and Empowerment: A method of increasing job satisfaction by giving employees a voice in the management of their jobs and the company.

    Job Enrichment and Job Redesign

    • Job Enrichment: A method of increasing job satisfaction by adding one or more motivating factors to job activities.
    • Job Redesign: A method of increasing job satisfaction by designing a more satisfactory fit between workers and their jobs.
    • Components of Job Redesign:
      • Combining Tasks: Enlarging jobs and increasing their variety to make employees feel that their work is more meaningful.
      • Forming Natural Work Groups: Helping employees see the importance of their jobs in the total structure of the firm.
      • Establishing Client Relationships: Letting employees interact with customers.

    Modified Work Schedules

    • Work Sharing (Job Sharing): A method of increasing job satisfaction by allowing two or more people to share a single full-time job.
    • Flextime Programs: A method of increasing job satisfaction by allowing workers to adjust work schedules on a daily or weekly basis.
    • Telecommuting: A form of flextime that allows people to perform some or all of a job away from standard office settings.
    • Advantages and Disadvantages of Modified Schedules and Alternative Workplaces:actionDate

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    Description

    This quiz is about employee behavior and its impact on an organization's effectiveness. It covers forms of employee behavior, performance behaviors, and more.

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