Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a variant of emotional intelligence?
Which of the following is NOT a variant of emotional intelligence?
What aspect of emotional intelligence involves recognizing emotions in others?
What aspect of emotional intelligence involves recognizing emotions in others?
Which type of physical ability is characterized by the ability to endure prolonged physical activity?
Which type of physical ability is characterized by the ability to endure prolonged physical activity?
In which scenario would situational strength have the greatest impact on individual differences?
In which scenario would situational strength have the greatest impact on individual differences?
Signup and view all the answers
What ability allows an individual to recover quickly from emotional experiences?
What ability allows an individual to recover quickly from emotional experiences?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of support is considered direct help to individuals?
What type of support is considered direct help to individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a potential result of stressors in the workplace?
Which of the following is a potential result of stressors in the workplace?
Signup and view all the answers
Which practice is aimed at improving work-life balance by reducing role overload?
Which practice is aimed at improving work-life balance by reducing role overload?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the cognitive beliefs in expectancy theory that leads to motivation?
What is one of the cognitive beliefs in expectancy theory that leads to motivation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a method for reducing workplace strains?
Which of the following is NOT a method for reducing workplace strains?
Signup and view all the answers
How does stress typically influence job performance?
How does stress typically influence job performance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a strategy organizations can use to provide resources to employees?
Which of the following is a strategy organizations can use to provide resources to employees?
Signup and view all the answers
What does engagement in the context of motivation refer to?
What does engagement in the context of motivation refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main focus of organizational behavior as a field of study?
What is the main focus of organizational behavior as a field of study?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following theorists is associated with scientific management?
Which of the following theorists is associated with scientific management?
Signup and view all the answers
The Hawthorne Effect refers to the phenomenon where:
The Hawthorne Effect refers to the phenomenon where:
Signup and view all the answers
What does the resource-based view of the firm emphasize?
What does the resource-based view of the firm emphasize?
Signup and view all the answers
Which management approach recognizes the significance of psychological factors and social forces in employee behavior?
Which management approach recognizes the significance of psychological factors and social forces in employee behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a finding related to strong organizational behavior (OB) practices?
Which of the following is a finding related to strong organizational behavior (OB) practices?
Signup and view all the answers
Max Weber is best known for his contributions to which management theory?
Max Weber is best known for his contributions to which management theory?
Signup and view all the answers
How did small decisions within a firm impact the resource-based view?
How did small decisions within a firm impact the resource-based view?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the components of the four-component model of ethical decision making?
What are the components of the four-component model of ethical decision making?
Signup and view all the answers
Which behavior is considered 'especially ethical'?
Which behavior is considered 'especially ethical'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key rule that authorities should follow to foster trust?
What is a key rule that authorities should follow to foster trust?
Signup and view all the answers
How does trust influence organizational commitment?
How does trust influence organizational commitment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary component of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?
What is a primary component of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which belief in expectancy theory represents the conviction that high effort leads to successful performance?
Which belief in expectancy theory represents the conviction that high effort leads to successful performance?
Signup and view all the answers
What does instrumentality in expectancy theory refer to?
What does instrumentality in expectancy theory refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factors can hinder instrumentality as outlined in expectancy theory?
Which factors can hinder instrumentality as outlined in expectancy theory?
Signup and view all the answers
In valence, which type of outcome is preferred in a negative valence scenario?
In valence, which type of outcome is preferred in a negative valence scenario?
Signup and view all the answers
Clayton Alderfer's theory focuses on which three primary needs?
Clayton Alderfer's theory focuses on which three primary needs?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory?
What distinguishes Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes intrinsic outcomes in motivation?
Which of the following describes intrinsic outcomes in motivation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect of goal theory is necessary for goals to strongly predict task performance?
Which aspect of goal theory is necessary for goals to strongly predict task performance?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Organizational Behavior
- It's a field dedicated to understanding, explaining, and improving attitudes and behaviors within organizations.
- Human Resource Management (HRM) takes organizational behavior (OB) theories and principles and applies them to organizations.
- Strategic Management focuses on product choices and industry characteristics impacting profitability.
The Role of Management Theory
- Provides a framework for understanding, guiding, and improving organizational management.
Key Management Theories
- Scientific Management: Focused on optimal and efficient work processes using scientific methods. (Frederick Taylor)
- Bureaucracy: Focused on the organization as a whole, with emphasis on hierarchy, rules, procedures, and systematic decision-making. (Max Weber)
Human Relations Movement
- Emphasizes the psychological attributes of workers and social forces within groups as significant factors affecting behavior.
Hawthorne Studies (1924-1932)
- Revealed that worker productivity increased when they felt observed and valued, known as the Hawthorne Effect.
Resource-Based View of the Firm
- Rare - Resources difficult to find.
- Inimitable - Difficult to imitate.
- History - Collective experience, knowledge, and wisdom that cannot be acquired easily.
- Numerous Small Decisions - Behind-the-scenes decisions that contribute to a company's unique advantage.
- Socially Complex Resources - Culture, trust, and reputation that are hard to duplicate.
Research Evidence
- Organizations with strong OB practices experience better performance and profitability.
Emotional Intelligence
- Self-awareness - Understanding, acknowledging, and expressing one's own emotions.
- Other awareness - Recognizing and understanding the emotions of others.
- Emotion regulation - Recovering quickly from emotional experiences and controlling emotions.
- Use of emotions - Harnessing emotions to improve success in various areas.
- Social Skills - Building quality relationships and managing interactions effectively.
Physical Abilities
- Important for job performance, varying in importance based on job requirements:
- Strength
- Stamina
- Flexibility and coordination
- Psychomotor
- Sensory
Individual Differences and Job Performance
- Personality: Significantly affects job performance and commitment.
- Situational Strength: Strong situations provide clear expectations, incentives, and instructions which minimize the impact of individual differences. Weak situations lack these cues, making differences more prominent.
-
Social Support:
- Instrumental support: Providing direct help.
- Emotional support: Addressing distress.
Stress and Its Impact
- Stressors and the stress process influence strain, affecting health and well-being.
- Stressors also have an impact on job performance and organizational commitment.
Managing Employee Stress
- Assessment: Conducting a "stress audit" to assess levels and sources of stress.
-
Reducing Stressors:
- Job sharing: Reducing workload for better work-life balance
- Managing hindrance stressors: Addressing obstacles and barriers.
- Improving work-life balance: Implementing flexible hours, work-from-home options (when appropriate), and eliminating unnecessary priorities.
-
Providing Resources:
- Training interventions: Equipping employees with stress management skills.
- Supportive practices: Offering resources like flexible hours and work-from-home options.
-
Reducing Strains:
- Relaxation techniques: Providing options for stress reduction.
- Cognitive-behavioral techniques: Changing negative thought patterns.
- Health and wellness programs: Promoting overall employee well-being.
- Employee assistance programs: Offering confidential support for personal issues.
Motivation
- A set of internal and external forces that initiate, direct, and sustain work-related effort.
Theories of Motivation
- Expectancy Theory: Describes the cognitive process employees use to choose among different voluntary responses.
- Goal Setting Theory: Employees are motivated by challenging, specific, and attainable goals.
- Equity Theory: Individuals compare their inputs and outcomes to others to determine fairness.
- Psychological Empowerment: Employees feel a sense of meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact in their work.
Expectancy Theory
- Based on three beliefs:
- Effort-Performance Expectancy (E): Belief that effort will lead to successful performance.
- Performance-Outcome Instrumentality (I): Belief that successful performance will result in certain outcomes.
- Valence (V): Anticipated value of outcomes, including both positive and negative outcomes.
Goal Setting Theory
- SMART Goals: Goals should be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound.
Equity Theory
- Individuals examine their inputs (effort, skills, education) and outcomes (salary, benefits, recognition).
- They compare these to others' inputs and outcomes to determine fairness.
Psychological Empowerment
- Meaningfulness: Importance of work to individual values.
- Competence: Belief in one's ability to do the work well.
- Self-determination: Feeling in control over one's work.
- Impact: Belief that one's work makes a difference.
Ethics in Organizations
- Unethical Behavior: Violates moral principles.
- "Merely Ethical" Behavior: Adheres to laws and contracts.
- "Especially Ethical" Behavior: Going beyond legal requirements, such as whistleblowing.
Four-Component Model of Ethical Decision Making
- Moral Awareness: Recognizing the presence of a moral issue.
- Moral Judgment: Evaluating actions as ethical or unethical.
- Moral Intent: Commitment to ethical action.
- Moral Behavior: Acting on ethical decisions.
Trust
- Trust: A belief in the reliability, integrity, and competence of others.
- Social Exchange: Based on reciprocity and mutual benefit.
- Economic Exchange: Focuses on transactions and immediate returns.
Organizational Trustworthiness
- Organizations must act ethically and responsibly to build trust:
- Legal Compliance: Adherence to laws and regulations.
- Ethical Behavior: Acting ethically beyond legal requirements.
- Social Commitments: Supporting social causes and promoting a positive societal impact.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on emotional intelligence and its various aspects with this quiz. Explore topics such as recognizing emotions in others, physical abilities, situational strength, and emotional recovery. Ideal for psychology students looking to deepen their understanding.
