Emotional & Behavioral Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of students ages 6-21 are identified with emotional disturbance under IDEA 04?

0.72% (correct)

According to Cullinan and Epstein's 'Rule of One Third', what percentage of students in a class might show behavioral or emotional problems?

33%

20%

10%

30% (correct)

Which category remains the fourth largest disability category under IDEA 04?

Intellectual Disabilities

Specific Learning Disabilities

Emotional Disturbance (correct)

Speech or Language Impairments

What is one reason suggested for under-identification of emotional disturbance in students?

Stigma associated with the label Signup and view all the answers

Which group of students is more frequently identified with emotional or behavioral problems?

Boys exhibiting aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated range of students who might need special education or additional services according to the 'Rule of One Third'?

3-4% Signup and view all the answers

How has the reported rate of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) changed over the past two decades?

Increased by 2% Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason boys might be identified more frequently than girls for emotional or behavioral issues?

Higher likelihood of externalizing behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of behaviors linked to genetics is indicated in the findings?

Just over a third Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factor is suggested to be related to emotional or behavioral problems?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is NOT considered a major behavior of Conduct Disorder?

Social withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant factor that increases the risk of being identified with emotional or behavioral disorders in children?

Living in poverty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits are typically seen in emotionally healthy families?

Stable nurturing behavior Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is associated with students exhibiting higher levels of aggression?

More intense episodes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is recognized as an internalizing problem?

Social Withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

What type of school factor can contribute to the development of emotional or behavioral disorders?

Bullying and oppression of specific groups Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that affects the manifestation of problem behaviors according to the research?

Gender and age Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically considered a major contributor to emotional and behavioral disorders?

Personal hobbies Signup and view all the answers

According to research, what is one characteristic of families that increases the risk of children developing emotional problems?

Lack of emotional support Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by behavior violating societal norms or the rights of others?

Conduct Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of schizophrenia was linked to a specific gene mutation according to the findings?

Auditory Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

How do community factors play a role in emotional or behavioral disorders?

Through exposure to community violence Signup and view all the answers

What did research by Rutter & Silberg indicate about emotional and behavioral disturbances?

There are substantial genetic effects involved Signup and view all the answers

What might lead parents and teachers to hesitate in formally labeling a child with disorders?

Fear of social stigma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders are characterized by periods of manic and depressive states?

Bipolar disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which emotional disturbance is classified under IDEA 04 as having specific characteristics such as delusions and hallucinations?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

How does the severity of emotional or behavioral problems relate to IQ levels?

Those with more severe problems tend to have lower IQs Signup and view all the answers

What is one common characteristic found among students with emotional or behavioral problems regarding language?

They are more likely to have language deficits Signup and view all the answers

According to IDEA 04, what must be adversely affected for a student to be identified as having an emotional disturbance?

Educational performance Signup and view all the answers

What tool is primarily used to initially identify a student with possible emotional disturbances?

Behavior Rating Scales Signup and view all the answers

In conducting a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA), which method is particularly useful?

Observation Signup and view all the answers

What is a known implication for teachers when considering the characteristics of emotional or behavioral disorders?

There is a wide variety of characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the FBA process?

Identify the behavior of concern Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Devereux Behavior Rating Scales Form?

To identify at-risk children and adolescents for emotional or behavioral issues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor included in the Devereux Behavior Rating Scales?

Attention Problems Signup and view all the answers

What step follows the development of the Positive Behavior Support Plan in the FBA process?

Implement the Plan/Intervention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is typically involved in a comprehensive behavioral assessment?

A self-report scale Signup and view all the answers

How many items are included in the Devereux Behavior Rating Scales Form?

40 items Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does gathering information in the FBA process provide?

It helps in analyzing the context of behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the evaluation phase of the FBA process assess?

The effectiveness of behavioral interventions implemented Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Emotional & Behavioral Disorders (EBD)

ICD-11 is used to identify and analyze global health trends, providing a universal language for sharing information.
The US Department of Education reports a 2% increase in EBD over the past 20 years.
Estimates suggest 3-6% of students require special education for emotional or behavioral issues.
Rubin & Balow (1978) found over 7% of students have significant behavior problems.
Cullinan & Epstein's (1995) "Rule of One Third":
- 1/3 of students exhibit behavioral or emotional problems teachers notice.
- Of those, 10% may need changes in their educational program.
- 3-4% of students will require special education or additional services.
Under-identification of EBD according to IDEA 04:
- 0.72% of students ages 6-21 identified with EBD.
- Less than the 2% estimated by the US Department of Education and other estimates.
- EBD is the 4th largest disability category under IDEA 04, affecting 8% of students with disabilities.
Possible reasons for under-identification:
- Stigma: The label can discourage identification and support, especially for younger children.
- Social Maladjustment: Socially maladjusted students may be excluded from the EBD category.
- Gender: Boys are identified more frequently with externalizing disorders (aggression, antisocial behavior), while girls are identified with internalizing disorders (anxiety, depression).
- Age: Older students are identified more frequently than younger ones.
  - Parents and teachers may be hesitant to formally label young children.
  - The nature of the problem changes with age.

Risk Factors

Poverty doubles the risk of being identified with EBD.
Gender and ethnicity also play a significant role, even when controlling for socioeconomic variables.

Causes of EBD

Environmental factors:
- Family: Parental discord, inconsistent punishment, lack of emotional support.
- School: Negative experiences like bullying, unrealistic teacher expectations, oppression of racial or ethnic groups.
- Community: Exposure to violence (gang activity, witnessing violent incidents).
Genetic factors:
- Research indicates some EBD problems, particularly severe ones, have a genetic basis.
- Rutter & Silberg (2002) found substantial genetic effects on psychopathology, including emotional and behavioral disturbances.
- Loeber, Novak, & Lynam (2000) study indicated over 1/3 of problematic behaviors in twins were linked to genetics.
- Studies suggest schizophrenia has a genetic basis.
- Sanjuan et al. (2006) found a specific gene mutation linked to schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations.

Characteristics of EBD

Varied characteristics: Making it difficult to create a "typical" list.
Gender and age: Problem behaviors are related to gender and age.
Ethnicity: Problem behaviors are related to ethnicity.
Students with higher levels of aggression:
- Have more intense and frequent episodes.
- Struggle to identify the cause of their aggression.
Externalizing behaviors: More likely to lead to special education referrals due to their impact on others.
Conduct Disorder (DSM-IV-TR):
- Repetitive pattern of behavior violating societal norms or rules.
- Four major behaviors:
  - Aggression causing physical harm.
  - Non-aggressive behavior causing property damage.
  - Deceitfulness or theft.
  - Serious rule violations.

Internalizing Disorders

Anxiety: One of the most common internalizing problems.
Social Withdrawal: Varies from disinterest in socialization to severe withdrawal.
Mood Disorders: Includes manic disorder, depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder.
Schizophrenia:
- Psychotic disorder characterized by:
  - Delusions.
  - Hallucinations.
  - Disorganized speech.
  - Disorganized or catatonic behavior.
- Lack of emotional expression.
- Lack of goal-directed behavior.
- IDEA 04 specifically includes schizophrenia as an EBD.

Relationship of EBD to Other Factors

Severity and IQ: Students with more severe EBD problems also tend to have lower IQs.
Language deficits: Students with EBD are more likely to have language deficits than those without.
Academic Performance: Most students with EBD also have academic difficulties.
- IDEA 04 requires educational performance to be adversely affected for EBD identification.

Assessment of EBD

Multiple methods used to assess and identify EBD:
- Observation: Teachers use observation to identify students and provide objective information.
  - Can document behavior type, frequency, and duration.
  - Used in Functional Behavior Assessments (FBAs).
- Behavior Rating Scales: Used to document the presence and degree of certain behavior characteristics.
  - Devereux Behavior Rating Scales Form (DBRS-SF):
    - Two forms for ages 5-12 and 13-18.
    - Used by both general and special education teachers.
    - Includes 40 items grouped into four factors:
      - Interpersonal Problems.
      - Inappropriate Behaviors/Feelings.
      - Depression.
      - Physical Symptoms/Fears.

Devereux Behavior Rating Scales (DBRS)

Major purposes of DBRS:
- Identify students at risk of emotional or behavioral problems needing in-depth evaluation.
- Determine atypical behavior as well as specific behavior difficulties.
- Monitor and evaluate changes in behavior over time.
- Multiple components like teacher and parent rating scales, peer rating scales, self-report scales, observational components, and interview components.

Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

Integral tools in behavioral analysis.
Widely used to address and manage challenging behaviors.
Seven-step process from FBA to PBS:
- Identify behavior of concern.
- Gather information (data collection).
- Analyze information.
- Formulate a hypothesis.
- Develop a Positive Behavior Support Plan (PBS) or Behavior Intervention Plan.
- Implement plan/intervention.
- Monitor and evaluate.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts related to Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD), including statistics, identification processes, and historical research findings. Learn about the implications of EBD in educational settings and understand the challenges faced by students requiring special education services.