Emergency Response Rescue Protocols
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Questions and Answers

What are the most common rescue situations encountered by the EMT?

Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVC)

What are your 2 major priorities in a rescue situation?

  1. To keep yourself and your partner safe; 2. To prevent further harm to the patient

What questions should you ask yourself when you receive a call from dispatch?

  1. Is the patient ill or injured? 2. What is the MOI? 3. What is the location of the incident? 4. What time of day is it? 5. What is the weather? 6. Is there a report of entrapment? 7. Is there a report of a leak or a spill?

What are some examples of locations/occupations that may present access difficulties for EMS personnel?

<p>Utility employees, Construction workers, Painters, Antennas and water towers, Industrial sites, Intersections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do once you are on-scene?

<p>Perform a 360-degree assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some additional resources that you may need after you respond and assess the scene?

<p>Extrication team, Fire department, Law enforcement, Hazardous material team, Utility company, Air medical evacuation, Swift water rescue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major hazard to EMTs at vehicle crashes?

<p>Being struck by a passing vehicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Always assume a downed power line is ____ ____.

<p>electrically alive</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many feet from a downed power line should the area be secured?

<p>75 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper way of moving away from a downed power line?

<p>Shuffle away with small steps, keeping the feet together and on the ground at all times</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many feet from wrecked cars should traffic be routed around the scene?

<p>50 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some steps to take to proceed with a forceful entry of a residence after police & fire personnel are on the scene?

<p>Check all windows and doors for access, cut through screens if necessary, inform the patient if awake, wear protective gear, and carefully clear broken glass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are involved in the most common access problems encountered by EMTs?

<p>Motor Vehicle Collisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is your main function throughout the process of gaining access to a motor vehicle?

<p>Patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps in breaking a window on a vehicle?

<p>Wear PPE, locate farthest window from patient, cover it, use a sharp tool to strike the corner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of extrication?

<p>To remove the patient as rapidly and safely as possible from wreckage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the fundamental components of extrication?

<p>Scene size-up, stabilization, gaining access, disentanglement, and patient removal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What always precedes removal from the vehicle unless delaying removal would endanger the life of the patient?

<p>Patient Care</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic considerations when dealing with a patient entrapped in a vehicle?

<p>Maintain spinal stabilization, perform primary assessment, controlled rapid extrication, use adequate personnel and least resistance path.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by an extrication called a 'rip & blitz'?

<p>The vehicle is cut from around the patient while protecting the patient and rescuers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some other methods of access and disentanglement?

<p>Door removal, windshield removal, roof rolling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is access?

<p>The ability to gain entry to an enclosed area and reach a patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a command post?

<p>The location of the incident commander at the scene of an emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is complex access?

<p>Complicated entry that requires special tools and training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a danger zone (hot zone)?

<p>An area where individuals can be exposed to various hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is disentanglement?

<p>The removal of a motor vehicle from around the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is entrapment?

<p>To be caught within a vehicle, room, or container with no way out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is extrication?

<p>Removal of a patient from entrapment or a dangerous situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hazardous material?

<p>Any substance that is toxic, poisonous, radioactive, or otherwise dangerous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the incident commander?

<p>The individual who has overall command of the scene in the field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)?

<p>A respirator with an independent air supply used by firefighters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is simple access?

<p>Access that is easily achieved without the use of tools or force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a special weapons and tactics team (SWAT)?

<p>A specialized law enforcement tactical unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a structure fire?

<p>A fire in a house, apartment building, office, or other building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tactical situation?

<p>A hostage, robbery, or situation involving armed conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a technical rescue group?

<p>A team trained for certain types of technical rescue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a technical rescue situation?

<p>A rescue that requires special technical skills and equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rescue Situations

  • Most common rescue scenario for EMTs is Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVC).
  • Key priorities during a rescue: ensuring personal safety and preventing further harm to the patient.

Initial Response Considerations

  • Questions to evaluate upon dispatch:
    • Is the patient ill or injured?
    • What is the mechanism of injury (MOI)?
    • What is the location and time of the incident?
    • Is the weather a factor?
    • Are there reports of entrapment or hazardous materials?

Access Challenges

  • Potential access difficulties may arise in various settings, including:
    • Utility work above or below ground.
    • Construction zones involving heavy equipment.
    • Elevated work by painters using ladders or scaffolding.
    • Maintenance on antennas and water towers.
    • Industrial sites with complex hazards.
    • Intersections known for serious collisions.

On-Scene Protocol

  • Conduct a comprehensive 360-degree assessment upon arrival at the scene.

Resource Allocation

  • Extra resources for emergencies may include:
    • Extrication team.
    • Fire department and law enforcement.
    • Hazardous materials team.
    • Utility companies and air medical evacuation.
    • Swift water rescue teams when vehicles are submerged.

Hazards for EMTs

  • Major risks include being struck by moving vehicles at accident scenes.
  • Always treat downed power lines as electrically alive; maintain a secure perimeter of at least 75 feet.
  • Move away from downed power lines by shuffling with small steps to avoid electric shock.

Vehicle Incident Protocols

  • Traffic should be rerouted at least 50 feet away from wrecked vehicles.
  • Forceful entry tactics for residences require checking for open or unlocked access points first and using proper techniques when breaking windows.

Extrication Process

  • Patient care remains the main function during extrication, with fundamental components involving:
    • Scene size-up.
    • Vehicle stabilization.
    • Gaining access to the patient.
    • Disentanglement of the patient from the vehicle.
    • Safe removal of the patient.

Patient Safety

  • Maintain manual spinal stabilization during the entire extrication process and manage immediate life threats.
  • Use the path of least resistance during extrication to minimize further injury.

Definitions

  • Access: Ability to enter an enclosed area to reach a patient.
  • Disentanglement: Removal of a vehicle from around a patient.
  • Extrication: Process of removing a patient from a dangerous or entrapment situation.
  • Hazardous Material: Any toxic, flammable, or explosive substance that poses risks when exposed.
  • Incident Commander: Individual in charge at the scene, overseeing coordination and communication.
  • Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT): Specialized tactical law enforcement unit.
  • Technical Rescue Group: Team of trained individuals for specialized rescue scenarios.

Conclusion

  • A thorough understanding of the principles of access and extrication is vital for EMTs to ensure efficient patient care and safety during incidents.

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Description

This quiz covers vital protocols and considerations for EMTs during rescue situations, particularly in motor vehicle crashes. It explores factors affecting initial response, potential access challenges, and on-scene assessment protocols. Test your knowledge on effective rescue strategies and emergency response best practices.

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