Emergency Medications and Equipment

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended route of administration for Midazolam in a patient experiencing status epilepticus?

  • Oral buccal mucosa (correct)
  • Intramuscular injection
  • Intravenous injection
  • Subcutaneous injection

A patient in your dental chair begins to experience chest pain. After calling for assistance, which medication should you administer first?

  • Salbutamol
  • Glucose
  • Aspirin (correct)
  • Epinephrine

What is the correct concentration of adrenaline to administer to adults experiencing anaphylaxis?

  • 150mg/0.15ml
  • 300mg/0.30ml
  • 500mg/0.5ml (correct)
  • 1mg/1ml

A known asthmatic patient begins to experience difficulty breathing during their dental appointment. After administering oxygen, which rescue medication should be administered?

<p>Salbutamol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering Glucagon to an unconscious hypoglycemic patient, what is the recommended route of administration?

<p>Intramuscularly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports experiencing angina during a dental procedure. After stopping the procedure, what is the next appropriate step in managing this patient's condition?

<p>Administer glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A child aged 7 is showing signs of anaphylaxis following an injection. What would be the appropriate dosage of adrenaline to administer?

<p>300mg/0.30ml (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following scenarios is the use of a defibrillator most appropriate?

<p>Responding to a cardiac emergency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is administered sublingually for a patient experiencing a suspected heart attack?

<p>Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to be familiar with emergency medications and equipment in the dental setting?

<p>To save time in a medical emergency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should oxygen be administered in a medical emergency in the dental office?

<p>Almost everything (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the administration of adrenaline for anaphylaxis, when can the dose be repeated if there is an inadequate response?

<p>Every 5 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for administering glucose in a dental emergency?

<p>Hypoglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the dental team do immediately after using the defribillator?

<p>Follow the automated instructions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key consideration should a dental professional keep in mind after administering dispersible aspirin?

<p>Check for allergies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use a spacer with salbutamol?

<p>To improve medication delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient doesn't respond to salbutamol, what is the alternative?

<p>Use nebuliser solution and oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct dosage of glycose to administer?

<p>15-20mg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is it recommended that dental teams keep Glucagon?

<p>In the fridge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the adult dosage of midazolam?

<p>10mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first thing a dental team should do in any medical emergency?

<p>Call for assistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a known history of angina pectoris begins to experience chest pain during a dental procedure. After ensuring the patient is stable and has stopped the procedure, what is the MOST appropriate next step?

<p>Administer glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray sublingually, ensuring the patient has not recently taken a PDE5 inhibitor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 6-year-old child in the dental clinic experiences a sudden allergic reaction with difficulty breathing and hives after an injection of local anesthetic. What is the MOST appropriate initial dose of intramuscular adrenaline to administer?

<p>0.15 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient becomes unresponsive in the dental chair. After confirming the patient is not breathing and calling for emergency services, you retrieve the automated external defibrillator (AED). Which of the following actions should be performed FIRST?

<p>Immediately apply the AED pads to the patient's chest and follow the device's prompts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with type 1 diabetes becomes confused and diaphoretic during a dental procedure, but is still conscious and able to follow simple commands. What is the MOST appropriate initial intervention?

<p>Provide a rapidly absorbable oral glucose source, such as glucose tablets or juice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a known seizure disorder begins to experience a prolonged seizure in the dental chair, lasting longer than 5 minutes. After calling emergency services, what is the MOST appropriate medication to administer?

<p>Buccal midazolam. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After administering glucagon to an unconscious patient with severe hypoglycemia, what is the MOST important step to take immediately after the patient regains consciousness?

<p>Offer a complex carbohydrate snack and monitor the patient to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY mechanism of action of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in the treatment of angina pectoris?

<p>Dilating peripheral veins and reducing preload on the heart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes the correct procedure for using a salbutamol inhaler during an asthma attack?

<p>Administer two puffs of salbutamol into a spacer, have the patient exhale completely, seal their lips around the spacer, inhale slowly and deeply, hold their breath for 10 seconds, then exhale slowly. Repeat as needed, waiting 1 minute between each administration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST important reason for ensuring that all members of the dental team are well-trained in managing medical emergencies?

<p>To improve patient outcomes and potentially save lives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking warfarin requires dispersible aspirin, what is a very important check to ensure?

<p>That they haven't recently had excessive bleeding or a recent increase in their INR (International Normalized Ratio). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a prolonged dental procedure, a patient with well-controlled hypertension suddenly develops a severe headache, blurred vision, and shortness of breath. Their blood pressure is significantly elevated. Which immediate action is MOST appropriate?

<p>Activate emergency medical services (EMS) immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A young adult experiences sudden, severe chest pain radiating to the left arm during a dental appointment. They are pale, diaphoretic, and anxious. After activating the emergency response system, what is the MOST appropriate INITIAL intervention?

<p>Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a known history of opioid abuse becomes unresponsive in the dental chair with shallow respirations. After ensuring scene safety and calling for assistance, which medication is MOST appropriate to administer?

<p>Naloxone via intramuscular injection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Midazolam has been administered, what is one key after-effect or consideration?

<p>Drowsiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a dental procedure, a patient with no known allergies or medical conditions suddenly develops urticaria (hives), angioedema (swelling of the lips and tongue), and wheezing. Blood pressure is dropping rapidly. What is the MOST appropriate sequence of actions to manage this situation?

<p>Administer epinephrine intramuscularly, activate emergency medical services (EMS), administer oxygen, and monitor vital signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking GTN spray sublingually. experiences a severe headache, facial flushing, and a significant drop in blood pressure. Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate at this time?

<p>Administer oxygen, place the patient in a Trendelenburg position, and monitor vital signs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a known history of poorly controlled asthma experiences a severe asthma attack in the dental chair, worsening despite repeated administrations of salbutamol via inhaler with a spacer. What is the MOST appropriate next step in management?

<p>Administer oxygen via bag-valve-mask ventilation and activate emergency medical services (EMS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When preparing glucagon for intramuscular injection, what is the MOST important step to ensure proper medication administration?

<p>Using sterile water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After using a defibrillator on the patient and having given them the intial shock, what should be the next set of actions by the dental team?

<p>Continue CPR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the administration of Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray for suspected angina, a patient experiences persistent chest pain. How many doses can be repeated?

<p>A maximum of two additional actuations, with 5 minute intervals between each. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A known asthmatic patient is experiencing acute respiratory distress during a dental procedure. They have self-administered two puffs of their Salbutamol inhaler with a spacer, but their condition has not improved. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

<p>Prepare a nebulizer solution with salbutamol and administer with oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the administration of intramuscular Glucagon to an unconscious adult patient experiencing severe hypoglycemia, how long should a dental professional wait before reassessing the patient's level of consciousness?

<p>5 minutes, to allow the Glucagon to be absorbed and raise blood glucose levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a known history of cardiovascular disease is experiencing chest pain suggestive of angina in the dental chair. Following the administration of dispersible aspirin, what additional step is important?

<p>Check for any allergies to aspirin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 4-year-old child is showing signs of status epilepticus. What would be the appropriate dosage of midazolam to administer?

<p>5mg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a Defibrillator (AED)?

A device that delivers an electrical shock to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm.

What is Epinephrine used for?

Used to treat severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis).

What is Aspirin?

Used to treat suspected heart attack; it helps to prevent blood clots.

What is Glucose?

Administered orally to increase blood sugar levels in cooperative patients experiencing hypoglycemia.

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What is Glucagon for?

Administered via intramuscular injection to treat severe hypoglycemia in unconscious patients, it helps to raise blood glucose levels.

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What is Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray?

A spray used sublingually to relieve angina or suspected heart attack by dilating blood vessels.

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What is Midazolam?

Administered via the oral buccal mucosa to treat status epilepticus.

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What is Salbutamol (Bronchodilator)?

A bronchodilator administered via inhalation to relieve asthma symptoms by relaxing airway muscles.

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What is Oxygen?

Used in almost every emergency situation.

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What is the usage of Defibrillator?

Follow the automated instructions.

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What is the condition and dosage of an Adrenaline injection?

Anaphylaxis. Adults: 500mg/0.5ml concentration of 1:1000. Children 6-12 year 300mg/0.30mls. Under 6 years 150mg /0.15ml.

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What is the condition and route of Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray?

Angina or suspected heart attack. 2 actuations sub lingually

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What is the condition and route of Salbutamol?

Asthma. 2 actuations Inhaled. Spacer can be used

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What is the condition and route of Dispersible Aspirin?

Suspected cardiac conditions. Orally

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What is the condition and route of Glucose?

Hypoglycaemia (co-operative patient). Orally

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What is the condition and route of Glucagon?

Severe Hypoglycaemia (unconscious patient). Intra muscular

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What is the condition and route of Midazolam?

Status Epilepticus. Oral buccal mucosa

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What is the condition and route of Oxygen?

Almost everything. Face mask

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Study Notes

  • Time is of the essence when dealing with medical emergencies

  • Familiarity with the appearance of emergency equipment and medications is essential

  • Common emergency medications and equipment:

    • Defibrillator (AED)
    • Epinephrine
    • Aspirin
    • Glucose / Glucagon
    • Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray
    • Midazolam
    • Salbutamol
    • Oxygen

Defibrillator (AED)

  • Instructions should always be followed when using a defibrillator
  • Defibrillators can be used for any cardiac emergencies and for patients at risk of cardiac interruption.

Adrenaline

  • Used to treat anaphylaxis
  • Dosage for adults: 500mg/0.5ml with a concentration of 1:1000 via injection
  • Dosage for children aged 6-12 years: 300mg/0.30ml via injection
  • Dosage for children under 6 years: 150mg/0.15ml via injection
  • Can be repeated at 5-minute intervals until adequate response is seen

Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)

  • Used to treat angina or suspected heart attack through sublingual administration
  • Dosage: 400-800mcgs in 2 sublingually administered actuations
  • Actuations may be repeated

Salbutamol (Bronchodilator)

  • Used to treat Asthma
  • Dosage: 100mg, administered through 2 inhalations
  • A spacer can be used
  • Actuations may be repeated
  • If not responding use nebuliser solution and oxygen

Dispersible Aspirin

  • Used for suspected cardiac conditions and should be taken orally
  • Dosage: 300mg
  • Chewable, but always check for allergies before administering

Glucose

  • Used in co-operative patients with Hypoglycaemia
  • Dosage: 15-20mg taken orally, equivalent to 3 jelly babies

Glucagon

  • Used in unconscious patients experiencing severe Hypoglycaemia
  • Dosage: 1mg per vial (0.5mg for children under 8) administered intramuscularly
  • Keep refrigerated and requires mixing before use

Midazolam

  • Used to treat Status Epilepticus
  • Given via the oral buccal mucosa
  • Kept in fridge and requires mixing before use
  • Dosage for Adults: 10mg
  • Dosage for children 5-10 years: 7.5mg
  • Dosage for children 1-5 years: 5mg

Oxygen

  • Administered via face mask
  • Used for almost everything

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