Emergency Medical Response Quiz
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Questions and Answers

When a suspicious ECG is identified in a patient, what is the MOST appropriate next step?

  • Immediately administer aspirin and begin transport to the hospital.
  • Document the findings and continue with the regular patient assessment.
  • Communicate the findings as part of the clinical escalation process. (correct)
  • Wait for further changes in the ECG before commencing any treatment.

According to the provided information, what blood glucose level (BGL) indicates hypoglycaemia?

  • Less than 4 mmol/L (correct)
  • Less than 3 mmol/L
  • Less than 6 mmol/L
  • Less than 5 mmol/L

Which of the following is NOT typically a symptom of hypoglycaemia?

  • Sweating
  • Dizziness
  • Decreased heart rate (correct)
  • Increased appetite

In addition to patients with diabetes, which of these groups are MOST at risk of experiencing hypoglycaemia?

<p>Alcoholic patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might glucagon NOT be effective in treating hypoglycaemia in certain patients?

<p>They have low stores of glycogen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum frequency of VSS recording for a patient actively managed during IFT?

<p>Every 15 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the initial assessment of a major trauma patient, what should be prioritized before following the traditional 'ABC' approach?

<p>Addressing immediate life-threatening conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what is the primary purpose of an inter-facility transport (IFT)?

<p>To transport patients for specialized assessments or care not available at the current facility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two assessments are required as a minimum along with the GCS/AVPU during inter-facility transport?

<p>RSA and PSA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with suspected severe sepsis is being prepared for an IFT. In addition to the minimum VSS, what other specific assessment should be prioritized before transfer?

<p>Assessing for signs of hypoglycaemia with a BGL check (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A trauma patient presents with open wounds, suspected internal bleeding, and is unconscious. According to the assessment priorities described, what is the most immediate action?

<p>Securing the airway and any immediate life threats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before commencing an inter-facility transport (IFT), what is a crucial step that NEPT crew members should undertake?

<p>Determine the potential for clinical deterioration during transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During an interfacility transfer of a patient, you are continually monitoring and recording their observations. Which of the following would be the LEAST appropriate for initial observations?

<p>Respiratory rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a patient in hypothermic cardiac arrest (below 30°C), what is the primary goal of prehospital intervention according to the provided guidelines?

<p>To prevent further heat loss prior to ROSC or transport. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a traumatic cardiac arrest, what takes priority over other interventions based on the provided guidelines?

<p>Control of major haemorrhage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the guidelines, what characteristic defines a Narrow Complex Tachycardia (NCT) on an ECG?

<p>QRS complex &lt; 0.12s and a rate &gt; 100. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using a Bag Valve Mask (BVM) for oxygen administration, what is the recommended flow rate to achieve a 100% oxygen concentration?

<p>15 L/min or enough to inflate reservoir bag. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) based on the provided information?

<p>An AED is regarded as being the same as a Semi-Automated External Defibrillator (SAED). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided guidelines, what action should be prioritized when CPR is commenced?

<p>Escalation of care as soon as practicable (CPP006). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a hypothermic cardiac arrest, if medications like Adrenaline or Amiodarone are required, how should the dosing interval be adjusted?

<p>The interval should be doubled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of care when managing cardiac arrest?

<p>Prioritizing high-quality CPR and defibrillation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypoglycemia

A condition where the blood glucose level falls below 4 mmol/L.

Signs and symptoms of Hypoglycemia

Altered level of consciousness, agitation, dizziness, increased appetite, sweating.

Medications that can cause Hypoglycemia

Insulin, meglitinides, and sulfonylureas, which are medications used to manage diabetes.

Most common cause of Hypoglycemic episodes

Accidental overdoses of medication, especially relative to the amount of food consumed.

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Patient groups who may experience Hypoglycemia

Alcoholic patients, critically ill or injured individuals, patients with hormone deficiencies, and those with certain cancers.

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Trauma Assessment Priorities

The initial assessment for major trauma patients focuses on immediate life threats over the traditional 'ABC' (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) order.

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What is Inter-facility Transport (IFT)?

Inter-facility Transport (IFT) involves moving patients needing specialized care or assessment to a facility better equipped to handle their condition.

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IFT Patient Eligibility

Before transporting a patient, NEPT crew members must carefully evaluate the patient's condition and determine if their condition is stable enough to be transported.

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IFT Patient Monitoring

The NEPT crew should regularly assess the patient's vital signs (VS) during transport to ensure their condition remains stable. This assessment frequency depends on the patient's condition.

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Initial Vital Sign Measurement

A set of Vital Signs (VS) must be recorded 30 minutes before the transfer from the initial facility to ensure a baseline evaluation.

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Documentation During Transport

During IFT, it's crucial to record any changes in the patient's condition or interventions performed.

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GCS/AVPU Assessment

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) or the AVPU scale (Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive) is used to assess the patient's level of consciousness.

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Respiratory Status Assessment

Respiratory Status Assessment (RSA) assesses the patient's breathing. It determines how easily the patient can breathe and if they are using accessory muscles.

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AED vs. SAED

An automated external defibrillator (AED) is considered equivalent to a semi-automatic external defibrillator (SAED) in these protocols.

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Prioritizing CPR and Defibrillation

Prioritizing high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation above all else is crucial during resuscitation.

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Trauma and Cardiac Arrest

In cases of cardiac arrest resulting from suspected trauma, controlling major hemorrhage takes precedence over other interventions.

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Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest

When a cardiac arrest occurs in a person with body temperature below 30°C, the primary aim is to prevent further heat loss until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or transportation.

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What is a narrow complex tachycardia (NCT)?

A narrow complex tachycardia (NCT) is a fast heart rhythm where a pacemaker site above the ventricles is firing abnormally.

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ECG characteristics of NCT

NCT ECG strips exhibit a QRS complex narrower than 0.12 seconds and a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.

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Managing NCT

The management of a patient with NCT is dictated by an existing medical order or agreed-upon treatment plan.

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What causes NCT?

When a pacemaker site above the ventricles fires abnormally, it results in a narrow complex tachycardia (NCT).

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Study Notes

Non-emergency Patient Transport Clinical Practice Protocols (2024 Edition)

  • This document outlines clinical practice protocols for non-emergency patient transport (NEPT) in Victoria, Australia.
  • The 2024 edition was issued in August 2024.
  • The next revision is due June 30, 2025.
  • Contact information is provided for obtaining the document in alternative formats.

Contents

  • Includes a detailed overview and guidance for using the protocols.
  • Discusses specific considerations for paediatric and maternity/obstetric patients, inter-facility transport (IFT), and limitations of treatment and patient review.
  • Provides clinical approach protocols for various presentations and conditions, including assessment tools and guidelines for various specific scenarios.
  • Outlines minimum equipment levels and details important considerations like medication use, specific injuries, and co-morbidities.

Assessment Tools

  • Includes protocols for assessing perfusion, respiratory status, specifically for adults and children.
  • Provides definitions for various levels of respiratory and perfusion status.
  • Includes the Glasgow coma scale (both adult and pediatric versions) and AVPU scale.

Scope of Practice

  • Defines the scope of practice for different levels of NEPT crew members (PTO, ATA, EN, RN, CCRN).
  • Presents a table outlining protocols and skills applicable to each role level.

Time Critical Guidelines

  • Outlines vital signs and injuries that may indicate a patient's condition is time-critical, requiring immediate transport or other interventions.
  • This prioritizes care needed.

Sedation and Mental Status Assessment

  • Provides a sedation assessment tool (SAT score) for situations with agitated patients.
  • Outlines procedures for mental status assessment in the context of patient transport.

Clinical Approach to Assessments

  • Details a structured clinical approach for unplanned medical presentations and unplanned major trauma presentations
  • Includes a dedicated approach for inter-facility transport, specifying processes and steps.

Specific Conditions

  • Provides detailed clinical approaches, procedures, and considerations for various specific medical conditions: burns, fractures/dislocations, traumatic head injury, potential spinal injuries, acute coronary syndrome, hypo/hyperglycemia, nausea/vomiting, foreign body airway obstruction, laryngectomy/tracheostomy care, asthma (adult and pediatric), sepsis, cardiogenic shock, and acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO).

Other Appendices

  • Several appendices provide additional information, including abbreviations and definitions, minimum equipment lists, medication reference material, advance care directives, and considerations for mental health patients during transport.

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Non-Emergency Patient Transport Clinical Practice Protocols 2024 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the appropriate actions and assessments in emergency medical situations, focusing on hypoglycaemia, trauma management, and inter-facility transport protocols. This quiz covers critical steps required for patient safety and effective transport in emergency settings.

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