Diabetes Emergency: Hypoglycaemia and Hyperglycaemia
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary effect of metformin in diabetes treatment?

  • Increases insulin production
  • Decreases gut glucose absorption (correct)
  • Rapidly lowers blood sugar levels
  • Enhances insulin sensitivity

A patient with a blood sugar reading of 3.5 mmol is experiencing which type of episode?

  • Hyperglycaemic attack
  • Hypoglycaemic attack (correct)
  • Ketoacidosis
  • Diabetic coma

What is the primary function of ACTH?

  • Regulating cortisol production (correct)
  • Controlling blood sugar levels
  • Regulating growth hormone production
  • Stimulating insulin release

What is the dental relevance of acromegaly?

<p>Enlarged chin, affecting denture fit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical cause of acromegaly in adults?

<p>Benign anterior pituitary acidophil adenoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of type 1 diabetes?

<p>Breakdown of fat and protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of Multiple Sclerosis?

<p>CNS demyelination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Trigeminal Neuralgia?

<p>Recurrent severe stabbing pain in the face (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dental relevance of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

<p>Dry mouth and bruxism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Trigeminal Neuralgia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Dementia?

<p>Memory loss and confusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dental relevance of Mood Disorders?

<p>Poor oral hygiene and dental phobia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Multiple Sclerosis?

<p>Fatigue and weak grip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Multiple Sclerosis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Eating Disorders?

<p>Anxiety and low self-esteem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bilirubin is broken down in which organ?

<p>Spleen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dental relevance of Eating Disorders?

<p>Dry mouth and xerostomia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile in the digestive process?

<p>To emulsify and absorb fat and vitamins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream, causing yellowing of the skin and eyes?

<p>Jaundice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of chronic liver disease?

<p>Clubbing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the scarring of liver tissue, leading to permanent damage?

<p>Cirrhosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with liver disease?

<p>NSAIDs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Abnormal protein deposits in the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of Parkinson's disease?

<p>Tremor when resting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Alzheimer's disease and dementia?

<p>Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of pharyngeal pouch?

<p>Herniation of mucosa through weakness in pharyngeal inferior constrictor muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of achalasia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for coeliac disease?

<p>Gluten restriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

<p>Crohn's disease affects the entire GI tract, while ulcerative colitis only affects the rectum and colon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of ulcerative colitis?

<p>Painless bleeding in diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main dental relevance of Crohn's disease?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver?

<p>Detoxification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dose of adrenaline administered intramuscularly in an adult using an epipen?

<p>0.3ml (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common local anaesthetic that people are allergic to?

<p>Prilocaine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of neck lump depths from most superficial to deep?

<p>Hair, skin, fat, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, muscles, bones, special structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symptoms of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

<p>Itching, redness, eyes, swelling, rash, tachycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the management of a latex allergy?

<p>Use latex-free gloves, mixing bowls, and rubber dams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of a neck lump that moves when swallowing and with tongue protrusion?

<p>Thyroid gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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