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Questions and Answers
What is the primary requirement for transmitting an e-prescription for a controlled substance?
What function does an Advanced Beneficiary Notice (ABN) serve?
What method is considered the most convenient and efficient way to prescribe medications?
How does electronic prescribing improve the security of prescriptions?
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What is CMS 1500 form primarily used for?
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Which factor does NOT affect the healing of wounds?
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Which type of wound does NOT involve a break in the skin?
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What is the correct procedure to open a sterile package?
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For proper wound care, why should sterile gauze be applied without dragging?
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What is autoclaving used for?
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Which burn degree is characterized by damage to the nerves, resulting in less pain?
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When are sutures typically removed?
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During which wound healing phase does the scab form to prevent microorganisms from entering?
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Which of the following wound complications involves the wound opening and organs protruding?
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Which of the following is a sign of heat exhaustion?
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What is the recommended immediate treatment for a 2nd degree burn?
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What should you do if bleeding or exudate is present when removing staples?
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What indicates a potential infection post-operation?
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Which type of hemorrhaging is described as having a slow, steady flow and typically clots on its own?
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What material is NOT absorbable for sutures?
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What should be done prior to the removal of sutures?
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What distinguishes an EHR from an EMR?
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What is a critical difference between telemedicine and telehealth?
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Why must certain specialty medications be prescribed and dispensed by licensed professionals?
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What type of data typically contains advance directives?
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Which actions are required of providers and organizations regarding disease reporting?
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What should be done if a patient needs assistance during an injection but the nurse is in another room?
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To lower blood pressure in Stage I Kidney Disease, what dietary modification is recommended?
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Which demographic information is NOT typically found in the EHR?
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What is the optimal phase for providing life-saving interventions in emergency scenarios?
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Which symptom is least likely associated with severe hypoglycemia?
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What is the recommended emergency treatment for a patient in hypovolemic shock?
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How should one assist a conscious adult who is choking?
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What treatment should be administered to someone experiencing syncope (fainting)?
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Which type of injury involves stretched or torn ligaments?
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What is a common treatment for severe low blood glucose levels in diabetics?
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What is the primary goal of first aid in emergency medical situations?
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Study Notes
Emergency Medical Response
- Any condition that requires life-saving measures like CPR is considered an emergency
- The first hour of severe injury or illness is known as the Golden Hour, with the best prognosis and probability of recovery
- When responding to an emergency, obtain the patient's name, contact location, and situation details, and report this to EMS and document in the patient's medical record
Severe Hypoglycemia
- Low blood glucose levels can cause insulin shock or reaction, especially in diabetics
- Symptoms of severe hypoglycemia include:
- Mild: hunger, moodiness, rapid heart rate
- Moderate/Severe: death, seizure, confusion, fainting, headache, coma
- Treatment for severe hypoglycemia includes:
- Mild/Moderate: consuming high-glucose foods and drinks
- Severe: administering glucagon medication
Hypovolemic Shock
- Severe loss of fluids and blood due to internal/external hemorrhaging, vomiting, diarrhea, or dehydration can lead to hypovolemic shock
- Symptoms include:
- Muscle cramping
- Lightheadedness
- Chest pain
- Lethargy
- Death
- Treatment involves blood transfusion and IV fluids
Choking
- Conscious choking is characterized by hands on the throat
- Treatment for choking includes:
- Abdominal thrusts for anyone over 1 year old
- Chest thrusts and back slaps for children under 1 year old
Syncope/Fainting
- Temporary episode of unconsciousness, often a sign of an underlying condition
- Symptoms include:
- Pale skin
- Sweating
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Treatment involves using ammonia capsules to wake the patient up and moving them back and forth from 6 inches apart
Injuries
- Sprains: stretched or torn ligament, causing pain, swelling, bruising, and inability to move the joint
- Strains: stretched or torn muscle or tendon, causing pain, swelling, muscle spasms, and inability to move the muscle
- Dislocations: bone slipping out of its socket or capsule, often requiring a few weeks of recovery and medical attention
Shock
- Cardiovascular system's response to adrenaline, causing capillary restriction, inadequate blood circulation, lowered blood pressure, and decreased kidney function
- Causes include:
- Trauma
- Electricity
- Hypoglycemia
- Hemorrhage
- Drugs
- Signs include:
- Pale skin
- Weakness
- Vomiting
- Increased heart rate
- Loss of consciousness
- Treatment involves laying the patient down, elevating their legs, and providing support
Seizure
- Uncontrolled muscle activity, often caused by drugs, head injury, increased body temperature, and epilepsy
- Treatment involves helping the patient lay down, moving objects out of the way, and placing them on their side
Poisoning
- Ingestion, injection, absorption, or radiation inhalation of toxic substances
- Often occurs at home and requires immediate medical attention
- Call for help if the patient is unconscious, has difficulty breathing, or is experiencing seizures
Wound Care
- Open wounds require proper hygiene, inspection, and cleaning to prevent infection
- Types of wounds include:
- Abrasion
- Laceration
- Incision
- Puncture
- Wound care involves:
- Cleaning the wound antiseptically
- Applying sterile gauze and wrapping securely
- Using hypoallergenic tape
Burns
- Caused by heat, chemicals, and radiation
- Degrees of burns:
- 1st-degree: affects only the outer layer of skin
- 2nd-degree: breaks the surface of skin, causing blisters and damage to underlying tissues
- 3rd-degree: damages nerves and bone, often with less pain
- 4th-degree: no feeling, often with severe damage
- Treatment involves cooling the burn with water for 10 minutes
Wound Infection
- Inflammation is the body's defense mechanism against trauma and microorganisms
- Symptoms include:
- Warmth
- Redness
- Swelling
- Pain
Wound Healing
- Phases of wound healing:
- Inflammatory Phase (3-4 days): loss of function, clotting, and inflammation
- Proliferation Phase (4-21 days): fibrin extension, cell multiplication, and eschar formation
- Maturation Phase (21-2 years): tissue strengthening, scar formation, and fading
Wound Complications
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Dehiscence (edges separating and opening)
- Evisceration (wound opening and organs protruding)
Medications
- Naloxone: for opioid overdose
- Atropine: for bradycardia
- Promethazine suppositories: for nausea and vomiting
Surgical Asepsis and Sterile Techniques
- Eliminate potential harmful pathogens and microbes related to medical procedures
- Sterile techniques involve:
- Autoclaving: high-temperature steam to sterilize instruments
- Using sterile gloves and drapes
- Following proper procedures for opening and handling sterile instruments
Post-Operative Care
- Provide verbal and written instructions to patients
- Monitor for signs of infection, such as pain, swelling, burning, smell, fever, nausea, and vomiting
Wound Closure
- Type of wound closure depends on:
- Type of wound
- Amount of soft tissue exposed
- Cleanliness of the wound
- Materials used (e.g., sutures, staples)
Staples
- Made of steel, used in high-tension areas, and removed in 4-14 days
Heat-Related Emergencies
- Heat Exhaustion/Stroke: symptoms include muscle cramping, pale/clammy skin, and treatment involves cooling the patient with ice or cold compresses
- Hypothermia/Frostbite: symptoms include paleness, numbness, tingling, confusion, and treatment involves removing the patient from the cold, using warm blankets and drinks, and removing wet clothing
Specialty Pharmacies
- Used for dispensing medications for complex, chronic health disorders, such as HIV/immune diseases and bleeding disorders
- Training is required for staff on medication use, patient assessment, and mentoring
EMR vs EHR
- EMR: patient's medication history used in one organization
- EHR: similar to EMR, but can be used across multiple organizations
Providers and Organizations
- Required to inform local and state government agencies about diseases to report statistics to the CDC
- Vital records offer information about incidents to inform public health decisions
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Description
This quiz assesses your knowledge of emergency medical procedures, including the Golden Hour and severe hypoglycemia management. Learn to identify and respond to life-threatening conditions.
