Emergency Medical Assessment Chapter 16 Quiz

Questions and Answers

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

Administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin.

Assess the adequacy of his respirations. (correct)

Administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin.

Obtain vital signs and a SAMPLE history.

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. You should:

Give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure.

Administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further. (correct)

Give her high-flow oxygen, attach the AED, and transport at once.

Obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice.

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:

The aorta ruptures, resulting in profound bleeding.

A weakened area develops in the aortic wall.

All layers of the aorta suddenly contract.

The inner layers of the aorta become separated. (correct)

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should:

Remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest. Signup and view all the answers

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which condition should you suspect he has experienced?

Acute myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:

The lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

Immediately resume CPR. Signup and view all the answers

Angina pectoris occurs when:

Myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply. Signup and view all the answers

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

Right atrium. Signup and view all the answers

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the:

Resistance of the body to the flow of electricity. Signup and view all the answers

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in a patient:

Who has experienced a head injury. Signup and view all the answers

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:

Dry the chest if it is wet. Signup and view all the answers

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:

Family history. Signup and view all the answers

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:

Have chronic hypertension. Signup and view all the answers

The electrical impulses generated by the heart originate in the:

Sinoatrial node. Signup and view all the answers

The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if:

Pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available. Signup and view all the answers

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead EKG, the 'LL' and 'RL' electrodes should be placed:

On the thighs or ankles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?

A rapid heart rate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?

Dependent edema. Signup and view all the answers

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

Begin high-quality CPR and apply an AED as soon as possible. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiac Emergencies and Interventions

Administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin for patients with acute chest pain.
Assess respirations for adequacy in patients presenting with chest pain.
Utilize nitroglycerin if patients have prescribed medication; monitor blood pressure after administration.
Initiate high-flow oxygen for patients with chest pressure and seek medical advice if they lack prescribed medications.

Aortic Health and Cardiac Devices

A dissecting aortic aneurysm results from separation of the inner layers of the aorta.
External defibrillator vests must not interfere with CPR; batteries should be removed before vest removal.
Patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) often have a history of acute myocardial infarction.

Physiology of Chest Pain and Cardiac Function

Chest pain in atherosclerotic heart disease stems from narrowed coronary arteries unable to meet increased blood flow demands.
Angina pectoris manifests when myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.
Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium from the body, essential for blood circulation.

AED and Cardiac Arrest Protocols

After an AED shock, immediate resumption of CPR is critical.
Prior to using an AED, ensure the chest is dry to facilitate effective pad adhesion and shock delivery.
Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) include family history, which is non-modifiable.

Hypertensive Emergencies and Heart Function Monitoring

Chronic hypertension can obscure signs of hypertensive emergencies in patients.
The sinoatrial node is responsible for generating electrical impulses in the heart, regulating heart rhythm.
Malfunctioning cardiac pacemakers may present with symptoms including heart rates less than 60 beats/min, syncope, or dizziness.

Pediatric and Adult Cardiac Care

Use pediatric pads and energy-reducing devices when applying an AED on children aged 1 month to 8 years.
When obtaining a 12-lead ECG, "LL" and "RL" electrodes are placed on the thighs or ankles.
Dependent edema is a common sign of right-sided heart failure, indicating fluid retention.

CPR and Immediate Response

Initiate high-quality CPR immediately in cases of unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless individuals; follow with AED application as soon as possible.
Cardiac arrest in adults requires rapid assessment and intervention to prevent delays in life-saving measures.

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Description

Test your knowledge on emergency medical assessment with this quiz based on Chapter 16. It covers critical patient presentation scenarios and appropriate interventions. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical field.