Embryonic Development and Germ Layer Formation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What covers the fully formed umbilical cord externally?

  • Mesoderm
  • Amniotic membrane (correct)
  • Chorion
  • Endoderm
  • During which week does the two-layered embryonic disc transform into a three-layered embryo?

  • Week 3 (correct)
  • Week 2
  • Week 1
  • Week 4
  • What process involves cellular rearrangements and migrations during embryonic development?

  • Fertilization
  • Implantation
  • Gastrulation (correct)
  • Cleavage
  • Which structure establishes the longitudinal axis of the embryo during gastrulation?

    <p>Primitive streak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the first cells entering the primitive streak form?

    <p>Endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which germ layer is formed when surface cells migrate medially and enter the primitive streak?

    <p>Endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is heartburn common during pregnancy?

    <p>Because of displacement of the esophagus and crowding of the stomach by the growing uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are teratogens in the context of pregnancy?

    <p>Substances that may cause severe congenital abnormalities or fetal death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does alcohol consumption during pregnancy affect the fetus?

    <p>Causes microcephaly, intellectual disability, and abnormal growth in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does smoking during pregnancy hinder fetal growth?

    <p>Impairs normal growth and development due to decreased oxygen supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind increased urine production by the kidneys during pregnancy?

    <p>Higher blood volume of the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a pregnant woman be cautious about what she consumes, especially during the embryonic period?

    <p>To avoid factors that may cause severe congenital abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel allows most blood to bypass the lungs in a fetus?

    <p>Ductus venosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After birth, which vessel becomes the ligamentum arteriosum?

    <p>Ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural change occurs in the heart at birth?

    <p>Closure of foramen ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to the fetus's liver?

    <p>Umbilical vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the heart helps direct blood flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium in a fetus?

    <p>Foramen ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period are body structures rapidly growing and differentiating into specific cell types?

    <p>Fetal period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the uterus synthesize additional contractile machinery, including actin and myosin?

    <p>To prepare for labor by contracting more forcefully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the formation of gap junctions between myometrial cells as labor approaches?

    <p>Increased levels of estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Braxton Hicks contractions occur as labor approaches?

    <p>Due to increasing irritability of the myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myosin light chain kinase in the uterus?

    <p>To assist in uterine contractions by regulating myosin activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some women experience difficult breathing during pregnancy?

    <p>Because of hormonal changes that affect lung function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hPL hormone in pregnancy?

    <p>To increase the sensitivity of the myometrium to chemical messengers that induce contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are premature infants usually put on a ventilator?

    <p>To assist with lung inflation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological functions are assessed to determine an Apgar score?

    <p>Respiration and muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an Apgar score of 8 to 10 indicate?

    <p>A healthy baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the transitional period after birth, what marks the unstable phase?

    <p>Alternating periods of activity and sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do premature infants have difficulty keeping their lungs inflated?

    <p>Lack of surfactant production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the special umbilical blood vessels and fetal shunts occluded after birth?

    <p>To facilitate independent circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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