24 Questions
What induces the formation of mesoderm from the organiser tissue?
High levels of nodal + siamois
Which factor induces the production of Xnrs for endoderm formation?
VegT
What is the significance of Spemann’s organiser grafting experiment in understanding neural tissue induction?
Transplanting the organiser onto another embryo induces neural tube formation
Which proteins are secreted by Spemann’s organiser to inhibit the production of neural tissue?
Chordin, noggin, follistatin + Xnr3
In Spemann’s organiser grafting experiment, what happens when the organiser is removed?
The formation of no neural tube
Which factor induces the production of Xema for ectodermal fate induction?
Foxi2
What is the role of Coco in ectoderm induction?
Inhibiting mesodermal and endodermal signals
What is the role of VegT in the formation of endoderm?
Inducing the production of Xnrs
Which protein is responsible for inducing high levels of nodal and siamois in the organiser tissue?
VegT
What is the function of Xnr3 in neural tissue induction?
Inhibiting BMP signals
Which signal is inhibited by the organiser to allow mesoderm formation?
BMP
What is the consequence of high levels of nodal signaling in the dorsal side?
Promotion of mesoderm formation
What induces the production of Sox17 for endoderm formation?
Xnrs
What is the role of Foxi2 in ectodermal fate induction?
Inducing Xema expression
What is the role of BMP in the induction of neural tissue from ectoderm?
BMP inhibits the production of neural tissue but promotes epidermis formation
What is the function of chordin, noggin, follistatin, and Xnr3 secreted by Spemann’s organiser?
They inhibit the production of neural tissue and promote epidermis formation
What happens when Spemann’s organiser is removed in the context of neural tissue induction?
Neural tube formation is inhibited
Which signal is inhibited by Spemann’s organiser to allow mesoderm formation?
BMP signaling
What induces the production of Sox17 for endoderm formation?
Xnrs
What is the consequence of high levels of nodal signaling in the dorsal side?
Promotion of neural tissue induction
Which protein is responsible for inducing high levels of nodal and siamois in the organiser tissue?
Beta-catenin
What is the role of Foxi2 in ectodermal fate induction?
It induces Xema which promotes ectodermal fate
What induces the production of Xema for ectodermal fate induction?
Foxi2
What is the role of Coco in ectoderm induction?
Coco inhibits mesodermal signals from inducing cells in the animal region
Study Notes
Formation of Mesoderm from Organizer Tissue
- The formation of mesoderm from organizer tissue is induced by the inhibition of BMP signal.
Endoderm Formation
- Xnrs are induced for endoderm formation by VegT.
- Sox17 is induced for endoderm formation by VegT.
Neural Tissue Induction
- The significance of Spemann's organizer grafting experiment lies in its demonstration of neural tissue induction.
- Chordin, noggin, follistatin, and Xnr3 are secreted by Spemann's organizer to inhibit the production of neural tissue.
- Xnr3 induces the production of nodal and siamois in the organizer tissue.
- Xnr3 is involved in neural tissue induction.
Ectodermal Fate Induction
- Xema is induced for ectodermal fate induction by Coco.
- Foxi2 is involved in ectodermal fate induction.
- The role of Coco is to induce Xema for ectodermal fate induction.
- Foxi2 plays a role in inducing ectodermal fate.
Neural Tissue Inhibition
- BMP signal is inhibited by Spemann's organizer to allow mesoderm formation.
- The consequence of high levels of nodal signaling in the dorsal side is the inhibition of neural tissue induction.
Organizer Tissue Removal
- When Spemann's organizer is removed, neural tissue induction is allowed to occur.
Test your knowledge of the signals involved in setting up the three germ layers and gastrulation process during embryonic development. This quiz covers the induction of mesoderm and endoderm, including the role of nodal, siamois, VegT, beta-catenin, Xnrs, and BMP.
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