Embryonic Germ Layers and Gastrulation Signals
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Questions and Answers

What induces the formation of mesoderm from the organiser tissue?

  • Induction by BMP inhibitors
  • VegT + beta-catenin
  • High levels of nodal + siamois (correct)
  • Ectodermin and Norrin

    • Which factor induces the production of Xnrs for endoderm formation?

  • Foxi2
  • Beta-catenin
  • Noggin
  • VegT (correct)

    • What is the significance of Spemann’s organiser grafting experiment in understanding neural tissue induction?

  • When removed, neural tube formation is inhibited
  • It inhibits the production of VegT
  • Transplanting the organiser onto another embryo induces neural tube formation (correct)
  • It induces the production of BMP inhibitors

    • Which proteins are secreted by Spemann’s organiser to inhibit the production of neural tissue?

    <p>Chordin, noggin, follistatin + Xnr3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Spemann’s organiser grafting experiment, what happens when the organiser is removed?

    <p>The formation of no neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor induces the production of Xema for ectodermal fate induction?

    <p>Foxi2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Coco in ectoderm induction?

    <p>Inhibiting mesodermal and endodermal signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of VegT in the formation of endoderm?

    <p>Inducing the production of Xnrs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for inducing high levels of nodal and siamois in the organiser tissue?

    <p>VegT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Xnr3 in neural tissue induction?

    <p>Inhibiting BMP signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signal is inhibited by the organiser to allow mesoderm formation?

    <p>BMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high levels of nodal signaling in the dorsal side?

    <p>Promotion of mesoderm formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces the production of Sox17 for endoderm formation?

    <p>Xnrs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Foxi2 in ectodermal fate induction?

    <p>Inducing Xema expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of BMP in the induction of neural tissue from ectoderm?

    <p>BMP inhibits the production of neural tissue but promotes epidermis formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chordin, noggin, follistatin, and Xnr3 secreted by Spemann’s organiser?

    <p>They inhibit the production of neural tissue and promote epidermis formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when Spemann’s organiser is removed in the context of neural tissue induction?

    <p>Neural tube formation is inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signal is inhibited by Spemann’s organiser to allow mesoderm formation?

    <p>BMP signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces the production of Sox17 for endoderm formation?

    <p>Xnrs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high levels of nodal signaling in the dorsal side?

    <p>Promotion of neural tissue induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for inducing high levels of nodal and siamois in the organiser tissue?

    <p>Beta-catenin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Foxi2 in ectodermal fate induction?

    <p>It induces Xema which promotes ectodermal fate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces the production of Xema for ectodermal fate induction?

    <p>Foxi2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Coco in ectoderm induction?

    <p>Coco inhibits mesodermal signals from inducing cells in the animal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Formation of Mesoderm from Organizer Tissue

    • The formation of mesoderm from organizer tissue is induced by the inhibition of BMP signal.

    Endoderm Formation

    • Xnrs are induced for endoderm formation by VegT.
    • Sox17 is induced for endoderm formation by VegT.

    Neural Tissue Induction

    • The significance of Spemann's organizer grafting experiment lies in its demonstration of neural tissue induction.
    • Chordin, noggin, follistatin, and Xnr3 are secreted by Spemann's organizer to inhibit the production of neural tissue.
    • Xnr3 induces the production of nodal and siamois in the organizer tissue.
    • Xnr3 is involved in neural tissue induction.

    Ectodermal Fate Induction

    • Xema is induced for ectodermal fate induction by Coco.
    • Foxi2 is involved in ectodermal fate induction.
    • The role of Coco is to induce Xema for ectodermal fate induction.
    • Foxi2 plays a role in inducing ectodermal fate.

    Neural Tissue Inhibition

    • BMP signal is inhibited by Spemann's organizer to allow mesoderm formation.
    • The consequence of high levels of nodal signaling in the dorsal side is the inhibition of neural tissue induction.

    Organizer Tissue Removal

    • When Spemann's organizer is removed, neural tissue induction is allowed to occur.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the signals involved in setting up the three germ layers and gastrulation process during embryonic development. This quiz covers the induction of mesoderm and endoderm, including the role of nodal, siamois, VegT, beta-catenin, Xnrs, and BMP.

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