40 Questions
Which type of connective tissue is described as having a gel-like amorphous ground substance with scattered reticular fibers?
Mesenchymal connective tissue
Which type of cartilage is found in the joints and has lacunae containing chondrocytes?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the function of the canaliculi in bone tissue?
To connect one lacuna to another, allowing communication for osteocytes
Which type of cartilage supports parts of the body that need to bend and move to function?
Elastic cartilage
What is the primary function of adipose tissue?
All of the above
What is the main feature of loose connective tissue?
Large spaces between fibers in the extracellular matrix
What is the difference between tendons and sheaths in white fibrous tissue?
Tendons and sheaths arise in two different forms of white fibrous tissue
Which type of connective tissue gives rise to most tissues, such as skin, blood, or bone?
Mesenchyme
What is the main purpose of depolarization?
To remove the charge or polarized nature of the cell
What happens to the inner lining of the plasma membrane during depolarization?
It becomes more positive
What is the relationship between the strength of a triggering event and the resulting graded potential?
The stronger the triggering event, the larger the resultant graded potential
What is the main purpose of repolarization?
To bring the charge towards the resting membrane potential after depolarization
What is the main effect of hyperpolarization?
It increases the polarization of the cell membrane
What is the primary function of graded potentials?
To transmit short-distance signals that decay over time
What is the role of local current flow during a graded potential?
It spreads the depolarization away from the point of origin
What is the relationship between the duration of a triggering event and the resulting graded potential?
The longer the duration of the triggering event, the larger the resultant graded potential
What is the main purpose of saltatory conduction in neurons?
To propagate action potentials more rapidly
Why is the presence of a rich number of voltage-gated Na+ channels important at the nodes of Ranvier?
To allow for rapid depolarization of the axon
How does myelination contribute to the speed of action potential conduction?
By acting as an insulator to prevent current leakage
What triggers the release of neurotransmitters in the synaptic knob?
Influx of Ca2+ into the synaptic knob
What happens once neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron?
Chemically-gated receptor channels open
What is the role of non-specific ion channels in depolarizing a postsynaptic neuron?
Allow simultaneous passage of Na+ and K+ ions
Why do postsynaptic neurons have receptors for particular neurotransmitters?
To selectively respond to specific signals
How does the myelin sheath contribute to conserving energy in neurons?
By insulating and preventing current leakage across axons
What triggers the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by exocytosis from a portion of the vesicles in the neuromuscular junction?
Entry of Ca2+ into the terminal bouton
What happens when acetylcholine (ACh) binds with receptor-channels on the motor end plate of the muscle cell membrane?
Opening of nonspecific cation channels
What is the role of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the nervous system?
Inhibiting nerve transmission
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for regulating mood, appetite, and sleep?
Serotonin
What effect does the entry of Na+ into the muscle cell have during neuromuscular junction signaling?
It induces depolarization of the muscle cell membrane
Which neurotransmitter is associated with reward-motivated behavior and motor control?
Dopamine
What occurs when local current flow opens voltage-gated Na+ channels in the adjacent membrane at the neuromuscular junction?
Depolarization of the motor neuron
What happens to motor end plates in neuromuscular junctions regarding threshold potential?
They lack a threshold potential altogether
What is the primary driving force for the movement of Na+ ions during the generation of a graded potential?
Electrical gradient created by the resting membrane potential
Which of the following statements accurately describes the decremental spread of graded potentials?
The graded potential decreases in magnitude as it spreads away from the active site due to the resistance of the membrane.
What is the primary reason for the higher concentration of Na+ ions outside the cell compared to inside?
Active transport mechanisms that pump Na+ ions out of the cell
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of leak channels in the resting membrane potential?
Leak channels allow the passive diffusion of ions, contributing to the resting membrane potential.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the electrochemical gradient and the direction of ion movement?
Ions move down their electrochemical gradient, from higher to lower concentration and electrical potential.
What is the primary mechanism responsible for the generation of a graded potential?
Opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels and influx of Na+ ions
Which of the following statements accurately describes the concept of an active area during the generation of a graded potential?
The active area is the region where voltage-gated channels are open, allowing ion movement.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of local current flow during the generation of a graded potential?
Local current flow allows the spread of the graded potential to adjacent regions of the membrane.
Test your knowledge on embryonic connective tissue, specialized mesenchymal connective tissue, and bone tissue characteristics. Explore concepts like mesenchyme origin and the role of osteocytes in regulating mineral homeostasis.
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