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What is the primary role of the pleuropericardial membrane in an embryo?
What is the primary role of the pleuropericardial membrane in an embryo?
- To form the muscular layer of the heart
- To separate the pericardial cavity from the pleural cavities (correct)
- To regulate respiratory activity in the embryo
- To facilitate blood flow within the heart
Which embryonic tissue layer contributes to the formation of the pleuropericardial membrane?
Which embryonic tissue layer contributes to the formation of the pleuropericardial membrane?
- Somatic mesoderm (correct)
- Ectoderm
- Endoderm
- Splanchnic mesoderm
What structure does the pleuropericardial membrane eventually develop into?
What structure does the pleuropericardial membrane eventually develop into?
- Peritoneal cavity
- Muscle tissue of the diaphragm
- Fibrous pericardium surrounding the heart (correct)
- Pleural sacs
In the context of embryonic development, where is the pleuropericardial membrane located?
In the context of embryonic development, where is the pleuropericardial membrane located?
What additional structure is indicated in the diagram along with the pleuropericardial membrane?
What additional structure is indicated in the diagram along with the pleuropericardial membrane?
Which adult mesentery is derived from the ventral mesentery?
Which adult mesentery is derived from the ventral mesentery?
Which ligaments are classified as components of the lesser omentum derived from the ventral mesentery?
Which ligaments are classified as components of the lesser omentum derived from the ventral mesentery?
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the embryonic mesentery?
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the embryonic mesentery?
Which adult mesentery includes the mesoappendix as a component?
Which adult mesentery includes the mesoappendix as a component?
What structure serves as the precursor to the central tendon of the diaphragm?
What structure serves as the precursor to the central tendon of the diaphragm?
Which component is responsible for providing muscle to the peripheral portions of the definitive diaphragm?
Which component is responsible for providing muscle to the peripheral portions of the definitive diaphragm?
During which weeks does the closure of the pericardioperitoneal canal occur?
During which weeks does the closure of the pericardioperitoneal canal occur?
What role do the pleuroperitoneal membranes play in diaphragm development?
What role do the pleuroperitoneal membranes play in diaphragm development?
Which structure develops into the crura of the diaphragm in adults?
Which structure develops into the crura of the diaphragm in adults?
What primarily causes congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
What primarily causes congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Which clinical sign is least likely to be associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborns?
Which clinical sign is least likely to be associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborns?
In which location is congenital diaphragmatic hernia most commonly found?
In which location is congenital diaphragmatic hernia most commonly found?
What is the most serious consequence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
What is the most serious consequence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Which method is effective for prenatal detection of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Which method is effective for prenatal detection of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
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Study Notes
Pleuropericardial Membrane
- The pleuropericardial membrane is composed of somatic mesoderm.
- It acts as a divider between the pericardial cavity and pleural cavities.
- The pleuropericardial membranes further develop into the fibrous pericardium surrounding the heart.
- A sagittal section of an embryo showcases the relationship between the pericardial cavity, pleural cavities, and the pleuropericardial membrane.
- The septum transversum is also visible in the diagram.
- A red arrow in the diagram indicates the flow of fluid.
Adult Mesenteries Development
- Adult mesenteries originate from the ventral and dorsal mesenteries present in the embryo's peritoneal cavity.
- The ventral mesentery gives rise to the lesser omentum, which includes the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments.
- The falciform ligament, coronary ligament, and triangular ligament also develop from the ventral mesentery.
- The greater omentum, including the gastrorenal, gastrosplenic, gastrocolic, and splenorenal ligaments, originates from the ventral mesentery.
- The mesentery of the small intestine, mesoappendix, transverse mesocolon, and sigmoid mesocolon are all derived from the ventral mesentery.
- All adult mesenteries ultimately originate from the dorsal mesentery.
Diaphragm Development
- The septum transversum is a thick mesoderm mass forming the central tendon of the diaphragm.
- Paired pleuroperitoneal membranes are sheets of somatic mesoderm, contributing to the diaphragm's crura.
- The dorsal mesentery of the esophagus forms the diaphragm's crura in adults.
- The lateral body wall, provides muscle to the peripheral parts of the definitive diaphragm.
Pericardioperitoneal Canal Closure
- The pleuroperitoneal membranes extend from the posterior body wall and connect to the septum transversum between weeks 5 and 7.
- This closure prevents communication between the pleural and peritoneal cavities.
- The membranes form the posterior parts of the diaphragm.
- Muscle fibers from the body wall invade the developing diaphragm as shown by arrows in diagram B.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
- A condition where abdominal contents protrude into the chest cavity due to incomplete diaphragm development.
- The pleuroperitoneal membrane, responsible for diaphragm formation, fails to develop or fuse completely.
- Most cases are located on the left side of the diaphragm.
- Can be life-threatening due to compression of the lungs by the herniated abdominal organs, leading to underdeveloped lungs (pulmonary hypoplasia).
- Prenatal ultrasound can detect diaphragmatic hernias.
- Clinical symptoms in newborns include a flat abdomen, difficulty breathing, loud breathing sounds, bowel sounds heard over the chest, and a bluish skin discoloration (cyanosis).
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