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Embryonic Development of Body Cavities

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Questions and Answers

What are the four phases of lung development?

Pseudoglandular period, Canalicular period, Saccular period, Alveolar period

What is the main function of the diaphragm?

To separate the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

What are the two types of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Postero-lateral (Bochdalek) and Parasternal (Morgagni)

Describe the embryonic development of the trachea and bronchi.

The trachea and bronchi develop from the embryonic foregut. The trachea forms by the fusion of the tracheal ridges, while the bronchi bud off from the trachea. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the embryonic development of the lungs and pleura.

The lungs develop from the respiratory diverticulum, an outgrowth of the foregut. The pleura, which is the membrane that surrounds the lungs, develops from the mesoderm. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the embryonic development of the diaphragm.

The diaphragm develops from the fusion of several structures, including the septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal membranes, and the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the development of body cavities in the embryo.

The mesoderm develops into paraxial, intermediate, and lateral plate mesoderm. The lateral plate mesoderm is divided into parietal and visceral layers by the development of intraembryonic coelom. The parietal layer forms the body walls, while the visceral layer forms the connective tissue of the respiratory systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lateral folding in the development of body cavities?

Lateral folding causes the closing of the body walls and 'entrapment' of intraembryonic coelom into a closed body cavity. The cavity is lined by somatic lateral plate mesoderm, while the gut tube/mesentery is lined by visceral lateral plate mesoderm. Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of the folding of the embryonic 'disc' in the development of body cavities?

The folding of the embryonic 'disc' in two planes, cranio-caudally and laterally, causes the developing heart, septum transversum, and associated intra-embryonic coelom to move caudally. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the surgical correction procedure for oesophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

The surgical correction for oesophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula involves repairing the defect in partitioning of the tracheoesophageal septum. It is usually done after birth and may be accompanied by other defects in a condition known as VACTERL association. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns?

Respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is caused by premature birth and insufficient surfactant. Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of congenital pulmonary airway malformation?

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation occurs in approximately 1 in 30,000 births. Signup and view all the answers

What is the management approach for respiratory distress syndrome?

Respiratory distress syndrome is managed by either administering artificial surfactant or giving the mother glucocorticoids to stimulate surfactant production. Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible accompanying defects in VACTERL association?

VACTERL association may be accompanied by vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiac defects, renal anomalies, and limb defects. Signup and view all the answers