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# Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia **1. Description:** Herniation of abdominal contents into the pleural cavity. **2. Cause:** Failure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane to develop or fuse with other diaphragm components. **3. Location:** Mostly found on the left posterolateral side. **4. Severi...

# Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia **1. Description:** Herniation of abdominal contents into the pleural cavity. **2. Cause:** Failure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane to develop or fuse with other diaphragm components. **3. Location:** Mostly found on the left posterolateral side. **4. Severity:** Usually life-threatening because abdominal contents compress the lung buds, causing pulmonary hypoplasia. **5. Clinical Signs in Newborns:** * Unusually flat abdomen * Breathlessness * Severe dyspnea * Peristaltic bowel sounds over the left chest * Cyanosis **6. Prenatal Detection:** Can be detected prenatally using ultrasonography. **Diagrams and Explanations:** * **Figure A:** Shows a fetus with diaphragmatic hernia. Loops of the intestine are visible in the pleural cavity, compressing the left lung. * **Figure B:** Illustrates a diaphragmatic hernia with loops of intestine entering the left pleural cavity, compressing the left lung. **Reference:** Human Embryology and Developmental Biology, By Carlson, 3rd Edition