Questions and Answers
What is the term for the absence of one kidney?
Which syndrome is characterized by the absence of both kidneys?
What anomaly involves the presence of a third kidney?
What is compensatory hypertrophy?
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What condition requires renal arteriography for accurate diagnosis?
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Which of the following is typically more subject to trauma due to its size?
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What is usually associated with a hypoplastic kidney?
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What is the incidence rate of renal agenesis in live births?
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Study Notes
Development of the Urinary System
- The urinary system in an embryo develops in three stages, starting with the formation of the kidneys from the ureteric duct and metanephric tissue.
- Abnormal growth during development can lead to kidney formation issues.
Renal Agenesis and Aplasia
- Renal agenesis or aplasia occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 live births.
- This condition is more prevalent in males than females.
- Detected through prenatal sonography; usually presents as the absence of one kidney and compensatory hypertrophy of the other.
- Unilateral renal agenesis most commonly involves the absence of the left kidney.
- The enlarged kidney is vulnerable to trauma and complications, highlighting the need for disease protection in individuals with a single kidney.
Potter Syndrome
- Potter syndrome refers to the absence of both kidneys (bilateral agenesis).
- This condition is also more common in males and is incompatible with life.
- Nearly 50% of infants with Potter syndrome are stillborn; those who survive typically die within 4 hours of birth.
Supernumerary Kidney
- A supernumerary kidney is a rare anomaly characterized by an additional small, rudimentary kidney.
- It typically has no parenchymal attachment and may drain into the ureter independently.
- Symptoms often arise due to infection associated with the supernumerary kidney.
Hypoplasia and Hyperplasia
- Hypoplasia refers to a kidney that develops under-sized but contains normal nephrons; usually accompanied by hyperplasia of the other kidney.
- Differentiation between congenital hypertrophic changes and acquired vascular atrophy may require renal arteriography.
- The clinical significance of hypoplasia depends on the volume of the functioning kidney, with hypertension frequently associated.
- Hyperplasia involves the overdevelopment of a kidney and is often linked to conditions such as renal agenesis or hypoplasia in the other kidney.
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Description
Explore the three stages of urinary system development in embryos, including the formation of kidneys from the ureteric duct. Understand the implications of renal agenesis, a rare anomaly, and its detection through prenatal sonography. This quiz covers key concepts related to abnormal kidney development in embryos.
