أسئلة ريتين الـ CVS Embryology (قبل التعديل)

The passage of blood through the fetus before birth.

The oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the fetus through the left umbilical vein, travels to the liver, then through the ductus venosus, and finally to the inferior vena cava.

The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs in the fetus.

The foramen ovale is an opening between the right and left atria of the heart, allowing blood to bypass the lungs in the fetus.

The process of changes that occur in the cardiovascular system immediately after birth.

The functional closure of the foramen ovale is due to an increase in pressure in the left atrium and a decrease in pressure in the right atrium.

The ductus arteriosus functionally closes due to the contraction of its muscle layer.

The development of the circulatory system begins early in embryonic development.',

A structure that contributes to both the inter-atrial and membranous inter-ventricular septa during heart development.

A condition where the tricuspid valve narrows, restricting blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. This can lead to a shift of the septum intermedium to the right.

A condition where the mitral valve doesn't close properly, allowing blood to leak back into the left atrium.

A condition where the tricuspid valve doesn't close properly, allowing blood to leak back into the right atrium.

A condition where the mitral valve doesn't form properly, leading to an obstruction of blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

A C-shaped membrane that develops in the atrial wall. It grows towards the septum intermedium, leaving an opening called the ostium primum.

A thinner membrane that forms to the right of the septum primum in the developing heart. This creates a passage called the foramen ovale.

The heart tube bends into an S-shape during development, forming three distinct parts: the right limb (formed by the truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis), the transverse limb (formed by the primitive ventricle), and the left limb (formed by the primitive atrium and sinus venosus).

A condition where the heart is positioned as a mirror image of its normal position, sometimes accompanied by reversal of all abdominal organs.

A birth defect where the chest wall fails to close completely, leaving the heart exposed through a hole in the sternum.

The sinus venosus develops from a body and two horns. The right horn becomes larger than the left, and the sino-atrial valve becomes vertical due to blood shift and liver development on the right side.

The sinus venosus contributes to the formation of various structures: the right horn becomes the posterior smooth part of the right atrium, the left horn and body form the coronary sinus, and the left sino-atrial valve is absorbed into the interatrial septum. The right sino-atrial valve becomes the crista terminalis, valves of the inferior vena cava, and the valve of the coronary sinus.

The atrio-ventricular canal is divided into right and left halves by anterior and posterior cushions during development.

The upper part of the atrio-ventricular canal is absorbed into the atria, the lower part is absorbed into the ventricles, and the central part contributes to the formation of the tricuspid and mitral valves.

The developing heart tube undergoes bending and division, leading to the formation of distinct chambers and valves. This process is crucial for creating the functional heart.

A common congenital heart defect characterized by a narrowing of the pulmonary valve, thickening of the right ventricle wall, a hole between the ventricles known as a ventricular septal defect, and the aorta originating above the ventricular septal defect.

A rare variation of Tetralogy of Fallot where in addition to the four defects, there is an atrial septal defect, a hole in the wall between the atria of the heart.

The structure that forms the proximal part of the aortic arch between the brachiocephalic artery and the left common carotid artery.

The structure that forms the brachiocephalic artery.

The artery that forms from the proximal part of the sixth aortic arch on the left side.

The artery that forms from the distal part of the sixth aortic arch on the left side.

The artery that forms from the proximal part of the sixth aortic arch on the right side.

The artery formed by the degeneration of the distal part of the sixth aortic arch on the right side.

A congenital heart defect that occurs when the foramen ovale, a hole between the right and left atria of the heart, fails to close after birth. Oxygenated blood can leak to the right atrium, bypassing the lungs.

This rare condition occurs when the septum primum and septum secundum, two parts of the interatrial septum, fail to fuse completely, resulting in a heart with three chambers instead of the usual four.

A congenital heart defect characterized by a persistent opening between the right and left ventricles, commonly in the membranous part of the interventricular septum. It is the second most common type of congenital heart defect.

This type of VSD occurs when the muscular portion of the interventricular septum fails to develop properly.

A type of interventricular septal defect that occurs when the interventricular foramen, the opening between the right and left ventricles, fails to close. This is a common type of VSD and is also known as 'Roger Disease'.

The interventricular septum is a wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart. It has two parts: a muscular part and a membranous part.

Two bulbar cushions develop and fuse to form a septum, dividing the bulbus cordis into right and left halves. This septum contributes to the formation of the ventricles.

The septum formed in the bulbus cordis contributes to the formation of important parts of the ventricles. The proximal part forms the muscular parts, while the middle part forms the infundibulum and vestibule.

The distal end of the bulbus cordis develops into the aortic and pulmonary valves.

The right ventricle develops from the right half of the primitive ventricle, the absorbed part of the right atrioventricular canal, and a smooth outflowing wall formed from the bulbus cordis.

The left ventricle develops from the left half of the primitive ventricle, the absorbed part of the left atrioventricular canal, and a smooth outflowing wall formed from the bulbus cordis.

The endocardial cushions develop in the upper part of the bulbus cordis, fusing to form the pulmonary and aortic orifices.

Pulmonary stenosis or atresia, and aortic stenosis or atresia are anomalies that can occur in the development of the semilunar valves.

Two cushions grow spirally in the truncus arteriosus, forming the aortico-pulmonary septum and dividing the truncus into the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta.

The spiral course of the aortico-pulmonary septum explains the changing positions of the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta. At first, the pulmonary trunk is anterior to the ascending aorta. Then the pulmonary trunk is to the right of the ascending aorta. Finally, the pulmonary trunk is posterior to the ascending aorta.

Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) is a condition where the aortico-pulmonary septum fails to form, resulting in a single truncus arteriosus and a membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD).

The foramen ovale closes due to higher pressure in the left atrium and lower pressure in the right atrium, while the ductus arteriosus closes due to muscle contraction.

The aorta, the main artery that transports blood to the body, receives blood from both the left ventricle (oxygenated) and the ductus arteriosus (partially oxygenated).

The heart is the second organ system to develop, starting to beat on the 22nd day of pregnancy.

The heart tube develops from specialized cells called angioplastic cells and myo-epithelial mantle cells.

The heart tube forms five distinct segments: sinus venosus, primitive atrium, primitive ventricle, bulbus cordis, and truncus arteriosus.

The septum primum and septum secundum, two membranes in the atrial wall, eventually fuse to form the interatrial septum, separating the atria.

The atrioventricular canal is divided into right and left parts by two cushion-like structures, forming the openings for the tricuspid and mitral valves.

Two bulbar cushions develop and fuse to form a septum, dividing the bulbus cordis into right and left halves. This septum contributes to the formation of the ventricles.

The remnant of the septum primum after the foramen ovale closes. You can see it as a depression in the right atrium.

The lower edge of the septum secundum after the foramen ovale closes. It's like a ring or a border around the fossa ovalis.

The distal part of the bulbus cordis, a structure that forms the ventricles, gives rise to the aortic and pulmonary valves, which control blood flow out of the heart.

The right ventricle is formed from several parts, including the right half of the primitive ventricle, a portion of the right atrioventricular canal, and a smooth outflowing wall derived from the bulbus cordis, which forms the infundibulum.

The left ventricle is formed by the left half of the primitive ventricle, a portion of the left atrioventricular canal, and a smooth outflowing wall from the bulbus cordis which forms the vestibule.

Endocardial cushions develop in the bulbus cordis and fuse, creating two orifices: the pulmonary orifice and the aortic orifice. These orifices are the beginnings of the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve.

The truncus arteriosus, which is a single vessel before splitting, is divided into the pulmonary trunk and the ascending aorta by a spirally-growing structure called the aortico-pulmonary septum.

Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) occurs when the aortico-pulmonary septum fails to form completely. This leads to a single vessel connecting the ventricles to the major arteries of the body, along with a membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD).

The aortico-pulmonary septum grows in a straight line instead of its normal spiral shape. This means the aorta connects to the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk connects to the left ventricle, which is the opposite of their normal arrangement.

The foramen ovale, a passageway between the atria, closes due to increased pressure in the left atrium and decreased pressure in the right atrium.

The artery that forms from the proximal part of the sixth aortic arch on the left side.

The artery that forms from the proximal part of the sixth aortic arch on the right side.