أسئلة ريتين الـ CVS Embryology (قبل التعديل)

Persistent ostium primum and persistent ostium secundum.

It allows blood to pass to the left side under increased pressure conditions.

A persistent inter-ventricular foramen.

<p>The muscular part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right limb is formed by the truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form the septum that divides the bulbus cordis into right and left halves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This condition is known as dextrocardia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure of septum premium and septum secundum development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The middle part of the bulbus cordis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The umbilical veins carrying O2 blood and the vitelline veins carrying deO2 blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right horn enlarges and forms the posterior smooth part of the right atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is divided into right and left halves by anterior and posterior cushions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left horn and body form the coronary sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectopia cordis is when the chest wall fails to close, exposing the heart through a defect in the sternum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right sino-atrial valve contributes to the crista terminalis, valves of the inferior vena cava (IVC), and valve of the coronary sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The septum intermedium contributes to the formation of the inter-atrial and membranous inter-ventricular septa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In cases of tricuspid stenosis and mitral regurgitation, the septum intermedium deviates to the right side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ostium primum is initially present but closes as the septum primum grows towards the septum intermedium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After birth, the septum primum and septum secundum fuse, closing the foramen ovale, while the septum primum forms the fossa ovalis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The septum primum and septum secundum are separated by a passage known as the foramen ovale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inter-atrial septum is formed from the septum intermedium, septum primum, septum secundum, left sino-atrial valve, and neural crest cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deviation to the left side occurs in cases of tricuspid regurgitation and mitral stenosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The structures that close to form the fossa ovalis are the septum primum and the septum secundum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygenated blood travels from the placenta through the left umbilical vein to the liver, ductus venosus, inferior vena cava (IVC), and into the right atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The foramen ovale closes due to increased pressure in the left atrium, and the ductus arteriosus closes due to strong contraction of its muscle layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left umbilical vein transforms into the ligamentum teres, and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right atrium receives blood via the superior vena cava (SVC) from the upper body and mixed blood from the inferior vena cava (IVC).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cardiovascular system is the second system to develop, following the central nervous system (CNS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fetal heartbeat can first be detected by ultrasound at the 6th week of gestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heart tube originates from angioplastic cells and the myo-epithelial mantle of the cardiogenic mesoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fallot's tetralogy, characterized by pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and overriding aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The aortic sac forms the aortic arch proximal to the brachiocephalic artery, with the right horn forming the brachiocephalic artery and the left horn forming the aortic arch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 3rd aortic arch forms the common carotid artery and the proximal part of the internal carotid artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 5th aortic arch degenerates and does not form any significant structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right ventricle consists of a rough inflowing part and a smooth outflowing wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right 4th aortic arch forms part of the right subclavian artery, while the left forms the aortic arch between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left ventricle develops from the rough inflowing part and the smooth outflowing wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proximal part forms the pulmonary artery on both sides; the right's distal part degenerates while the left's distal part forms ductus arteriosus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recurrent laryngeal nerve initially hooks around the distal part of the 6th aortic arch, which is significant for its pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocardial cushions develop in the upper part of the bulbus cordis and help form the semilunar valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fallot's Pentalogy includes the features of Fallot's tetralogy plus an atrial septal defect (ASD).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spiral course of the aortico-pulmonary septum is crucial as it divides the truncus arteriosus into the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent truncus arteriosus is due to the failure of aortico-pulmonary septum formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transposition of the great vessels occurs when the aortico-pulmonary septum follows a straight course instead of a spiral course.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two ridges grow from the endocardial cushions in the bulbus cordis to form the cusps of the semilunar valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anomalies include pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, pulmonary atresia, and aortic atresia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to a patent foramen ovale, allowing blood to pass to the left side when pressure increases in the right atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The defect occurs in the membranous part of the interventricular septum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It forms the muscular parts of the right and left ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is caused by the failure of the interventricular septum to develop properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, potentially causing heart failure symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The muscular part arises from the floor of the primitive ventricle, while the membranous part arises from the septum intermedium and bulbar septum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can occur due to abnormal pressures or blood flow dynamics in the fetal heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs in 20-30% of people and generally has no clinical significance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the division of the canal into right and left halves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right horn enlarges at the expense of the body and left horn, becoming the larger component that structures the posterior smooth part of the right atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectopia cordis occurs when the chest wall fails to close, exposing the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form the coronary sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sino-atrial valve guards the opening of the right horn into the atrium, regulating blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is absorbed into the atria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributes to forming the crista terminalis, valves of IVC, and valve of the coronary sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes the right horn to become larger than the left horn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased pressure in the left atrium and decreased pressure in the right atrium cause the functional closure of the foramen ovale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ductus arteriosus undergoes functional closure due to strong contraction of its muscle layer, eventually forming the ligamentum arteriosum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygenated blood flows from the placenta through the left umbilical vein to the right atrium, with most passing to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distal parts of the umbilical arteries become the medial umbilical ligaments, and the proximal parts form the superior vesical artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ductus venosus closes due to a decrease in blood flow from the placenta and changes in systemic circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right atrium receives mixed blood from the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), combining oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heart tube is formed from angioblastic cells and the myo-epithelial mantle of the cardiogenic mesoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These changes ensure proper oxygenation of blood through the lungs and redirect blood flow from the placenta to systemic circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inter-atrial septum is formed by the septum intermedium, septum primum, septum secundum, left sino-atrial valve, and some neural crest cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cause the septum intermedium to deviate to the left side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They fuse to close the foramen ovale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It forms the annulus ovalis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They result in the septum intermedium deviating to the right side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mesodermal cushion in the AV canal, known as the septum intermedium, plays a crucial role in septal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The foramen ovale allows blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ostium primum forms as the septum primum grows toward the septum intermedium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growth of two cushions in a spiral manner forms the aortico-pulmonary septum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent truncus arteriosus is characterized by the failure of aortico-pulmonary septum formation, often accompanied by membranous VSD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initially, the pulmonary trunk lies anterior to the ascending aorta, then shifts to the right, and finally moves posterior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and overriding aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hollowing out allows the cusp to properly open and close during the cardiac cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left horn of the aortic sac forms the aortic arch between the brachiocephalic artery and the left common carotid artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anomalies include pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, pulmonary atresia, and aortic atresia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocardial cushions are critical in forming the semilunar valves and dividing the heart chambers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It forms the proximal part of the pulmonary artery while its distal part degenerates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 5th aortic arch degenerates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transposition of the great vessels occurs when the aortico-pulmonary septum follows a straight course instead of a spiral one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right ventricle consists of a rough inflowing part from the right primitive ventricle and a smooth outflowing infundibulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fallot's pentalogy includes the defects of Fallot's tetralogy plus an atrial septal defect (ASD).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It initially hooks around the distal part of the 6th aortic arch during development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right 4th aortic arch forms part of the right subclavian artery, while the left forms the aortic arch between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The aortic sac forms the aortic arch proximal to the brachiocephalic artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers