27 Questions
During which week does the duodenal loop rotate clockwise with the stomach to the right?
6th week
From which part of the primordial gut does the duodenum develop?
Caudal part of foregut
At what point is the junction of the 2 parts of the gut located during the 5th week?
Just below or distal to the origin of bile duct
When is the lumen of the duodenum temporarily obliterated due to proliferation of its epithelial cells?
$8^{th}$ week
From which embryonic layer does the duodenum develop?
$Endoderm$
During which week does the duodenal loop form and project ventrally, forming a C-shaped loop?
$5^{th}$ week
Where does the duodenal loop come to lie during weeks 5 and 6?
$Posterior abdominal wall retroperitoneally$
What causes temporary obliteration of duodenal lumen at end of week 8?
Proliferation of endodermal cells
Where does junction of two parts of gut lie during 5th week?
Just below or distal to origin of bile duct (C &D)
When is duodenal loop formed and projected ventrally, forming a C-shaped loop?
5th week
Which part of the pancreas does the ventral pancreatic bud form?
Lower part of the head
Around which artery does the midgut loop rotate around its axis?
Superior mesenteric artery
Which limb of the midgut loop gives rise to the jejunum & ileum?
The jejunum & ileum
What is an umbilical hernia?
Resulting from imperfect closure of the umbilicus
A small pouch from the ileum.
Covered by the epithelium of the umbilical cord.
What direction is the duodenal loop rotated?
To the right
From which part is most of the pancreas derived?
The dorsal pancreatic bud.
What enlarged organ presses the duodenum & pancreas against the posterior abdominal wall?
Colon
How does the midgut loop communicate with the yolk sac?
Vitelline duct or yolk stalk
During embryonic development, when does the duodenum normally recanalize?
End of week 8
From which buds does the pancreas develop?
Ventral and dorsal buds
What structures form the main pancreatic duct and accessory pancreatic duct?
Ventral bud and dorsal bud, respectively
At what stage do pancreatic islets develop and start secreting insulin?
Early fetal period (around 10 weeks)
From which part of the embryonic gut does the duodenum derive?
Cranial part of midgut
When does the midgut return to the abdomen during embryonic development?
Week 10
What is Meckel's diverticulum?
A congenital anomaly where a pouch forms in the wall of the intestine due to failure to return to the abdominal cavity during week 10
Where are the pancreas and small intestine located in relation to the peritoneum?
Retroperitoneal structures, located behind the peritoneum
Study Notes
- Embryonic period lasts until end of week 8, during which the duodenum normally recanalizes but can lead to congenital anomalies like duodenal stenosis or atresia
- Pancreas develops from two buds: ventral (forms liver & gallbladder) and dorsal (larger, forms most of pancreas)
- Pancreatic buds fuse together and move to the dorsal mesentery, forming the main pancreatic duct from the ventral bud and accessory pancreatic duct from the dorsal bud
- Pancreatic islets develop from parenchymatous pancreatic tissue and secrete insulin during early fetal period (around 10 weeks)
- Small intestine is developed from the caudal foregut and cranial midgut, with the duodenum deriving from the cranial part of midgut
- During embryonic development, the midgut forms a U-shaped loop that projects into the umbilical cord due to a temporary lack of space in the abdominal cavity, eventually returning to the abdomen during week 10
- Congenital anomalies of the pancreas, such as accessory pancreatic tissue, annular pancreas, or Meckel's diverticulum, can result from developmental abnormalities.
- Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital anomaly where the intestines fail to return to the abdominal cavity during week 10, resulting in the formation of a pouch in the wall of the intestine.
- The pancreas and small intestine are retroperitoneal structures, meaning they are located behind the peritoneum.
- The duodenum is the most fixed part of the small intestine and has no mesentery, while the rest of the small intestine is supported by a mesentery that allows for free movement.
- The mesentery of the small intestine undergoes fixation during development, changing from a continuous mesentery with the ascending colon to a fan-shaped mesentery with a new line of attachment to the posterior abdominal wall.
Test your knowledge on the embryological development of the duodenum, pancreas, and small intestine, as well as congenital anomalies related to these structures.
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