18 Questions
Which term describes the shortness of digits due to a reduction in the length of phalanges?
Brachydactyly
What is the term for the presence of more than the usual number of fingers or toes?
Polydactyly
What type of anomaly results from failure of the webs between digits to degenerate?
Syndactyly
In which side of the foot is the extra toe usually found in cases of polydactyly?
Lateral side
What is the most common type of clubfoot anomaly?
Talipes equinovarus
Which anomaly involves fusion of bones (synostosis) due to failure of notches between digital rays to develop?
Osseous syndactyly
What is the primary cause of a bilateral cleft lip?
Failure of mesenchymal masses in both maxillary prominences to unite with medial nasal prominences
What anomaly may serve as an indicator for associated conditions like atresia of the external acoustic meatus?
Microtia
What causes the absence of the external acoustic meatus?
Failure of inward expansion of the first pharyngeal groove and meatal plug disappearance
Which condition is characterized by drooping of the superior eyelids due to muscle abnormalities?
Congenital bilateral ptosis
What anomaly often results from suppressed mesenchymal proliferation?
Microtia
Which anomaly is a common indicator for associated ear anomalies like atresia of the external acoustic meatus?
Auricular appendages (skin tags)
Which anomaly is characterized by the absence of upper and lower limbs?
Quadruple amelia
In limb anomalies caused by maternal thalidomide ingestion, what does meromelia of the upper limbs refer to?
Presence of rudimentary stumps in place of limbs
What anomaly is depicted by a radiograph showing absence of the right fibula in a female fetus?
Meromelia with the rudimentary upper limbs attached directly to the trunk
Which limb anomaly results in shortened right leg with bowed and hypoplastic femur and tibia?
Radiograph showing partial absence and fusion of tibia and fibula
In skeletal system anomalies, what does absence of central digits of the hands lead to?
Radiograph showing partial absence and fusion of tibia and fibula
What term describes limb anomalies with the rudimentary upper limbs attached directly to the trunk?
Meromelia with the rudimentary upper limbs attached directly to the trunk
Prepare for MBChB/BDS/B.Pharm exams with a revision guide focusing on anomalies and their embryological basis. Key features include the development of embryological systems, identification of anomalies, understanding mechanisms behind systemic anomalies, and labeling of structures at different developmental stages.
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