Embedded Systems and CPU Fundamentals

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What is the primary purpose of an embedded system?

To manage and control a wide range of peripherals, such as printers and scanners.

To perform specialized tasks, often within a dedicated device. (correct)

To run complex software applications, like video games.

To provide general-purpose computing capabilities, like a desktop computer.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an input in a vending machine's embedded system?

The temperature reading inside the vending machine

The amount of money inserted by the customer

The amount of change due to the customer (correct)

The selection chosen on the keypad by the customer

How does an embedded lighting system use light sensors?

To control the brightness of individual light bulbs.

To detect the presence of people and adjust lighting levels accordingly. (correct)

To measure the amount of light coming from external sources.

To determine the best time to turn the lights off completely.

What is the key difference between an instruction set and programming code?

Programming code is written in a high-level language, while instruction sets are low-level commands for the CPU. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the time of day or day of the week important data for an embedded lighting system in an office environment?

To adjust the lighting levels based on the time of day for energy efficiency. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 'tilt sensor' in a vending machine's embedded system?

To detect if the vending machine is tilted, potentially indicating an attempt to break into it. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are actuators in the context of embedded systems?

Devices that control physical processes or systems. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why might an embedded lighting system use Bluetooth light bulbs?

To allow for remote control of individual bulbs through a mobile app. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the memory data register (MDR) in the instruction processing cycle?

It receives data from the RAM and forwards it to the current instruction register (CIR). (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT directly impact the performance of a CPU?

CPU temperature (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of overclocking a CPU?

It can lead to overheating of the CPU. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can increasing the number of cores in a CPU improve performance?

It allows the CPU to handle more instructions simultaneously. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical measurement unit for clock speed in modern CPUs?

Gigahertz (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a temperature sensor primarily do?

Measures the surrounding temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which application would a moisture sensor be most appropriately used?

Controlling moisture levels in soil (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which sensor is specifically designed to measure the amount of water vapor in the air?

Humidity sensor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What function does a light sensor perform?

Produces an electric current based on light intensity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which application is NOT suited for a humidity sensor?

Controlling temperature in a greenhouse (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Control Unit (CU)?

To make sure all components follow instructions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which bus carries the addresses between the CPU and memory unit?

Address Bus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the width of the address bus?

It affects the word length that can be transported (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for generating signals to manage other components?

Control Unit (CU) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Data Bus specifically carry?

Data between the memory unit and CPU (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Control Bus?

To carry signals from the CU to other components (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?

A series of steps for executing a program (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is part of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

Control Unit (CU) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of output devices?

To display or send out processed data (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an output device?

Keyboard (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the quality of a monitor's display relate to the number of pixels?

More pixels correspond to a better quality picture output (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of connector is typically used by modern monitors?

HDMI (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of printer is known for producing high-quality images through the use of liquid ink?

Inkjet Printer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a DLP projector from an LCD projector?

DLP projectors generate images using micro mirrors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about touchscreen monitors is accurate?

Touchscreen monitors can recognize multiple touches simultaneously (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following output devices is typically used for converting digital signals into sound?

Speaker (C) Signup and view all the answers

What action is taken if the sensor data from the street lamp is less than the value stored in memory?

The lamp is switched on for 30 minutes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the microprocessor respond if one of the car's wheels is locking up?

It reduces the braking pressure on the affected wheel. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the central heating system if the temperature reading is equal to or above the pre-set value?

No action is taken by the microprocessor. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the chemical process control system, what are the conditions for the process to work?

Temperature must be above 70°C and pH below 3.5. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does an ADC play in the anti-lock braking system?

It converts analogue sensor data to digital data. (A) Signup and view all the answers

During the operation of the central heating system, what is the significance of the actuator?

It opens the gas valve and turns on the water pump. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the microprocessor within these control systems?

To analyze sensor data and control outputs accordingly. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What duration does the street lamp stay turned off after it is switched off by the microprocessor?

30 minutes. (A) Signup and view all the answers