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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes an embedded system from a general computing system?
Which of the following industries primarily employs Embedded Systems for Automatic Navigation Systems?
What is the key factor in selecting a general computing system?
What is the primary purpose of Data Collection/Storage/Representation in Embedded Systems?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an embedded system?
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Which of the following is an example of a Data Communication Embedded System?
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What is the primary advantage of a general computing system?
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What is the primary function of Embedded Systems used for monitoring purposes?
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Which of the following is an example of a major application area of embedded systems?
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Which of the following is an application of Embedded Systems with Signal Processing functionalities?
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Study Notes
Embedded Systems Definition and Characteristics
- An Embedded System is an Electronic/Electromechanical system designed to perform a specific function, combining hardware and firmware (Software).
- Examples: Electronic Toys, Mobile Handsets, Washing Machines, Air Conditioners, DVD Player, etc.
Embedded System vs General Computing System
- General Computing System: combines generic hardware and General-Purpose Operating System (GPOS) for executing a variety of applications.
- Embedded System: combines special purpose hardware and embedded OS for executing a specific set of applications.
- Key differences: alterability of applications, performance, and selection criteria.
Major Application Areas of Embedded Systems
- Consumer Electronics: Camcorders, Cameras, etc.
- Household Appliances: Television, DVD players, washing machine, Fridge, Microwave Oven, etc.
- Home Automation and Security Systems: Air conditioners, sprinklers, Intruder detection alarms, Closed Circuit Television Cameras, Fire alarms, etc.
- Automotive Industry: Anti-lock braking systems (ABS), Engine Control, Ignition Systems, Automatic Navigation Systems, etc.
- Telecom: Cellular Telephones, Telephone switches, Handset Multimedia Applications, etc.
- Computer Peripherals: Printers, Scanners, Fax machines, etc.
- Computer Networking Systems: Network Routers, Switches, Hubs, Firewalls, etc.
- Health Care: Different Kinds of Scanners, EEG, ECG Machines, etc.
- Measurement & Instrumentation: Digital multi meters, Digital CROS, Logic Analyzers PLC systems, etc.
- Banking & Retail: Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) and Currency counters, Point of Sales (POS), Card Readers, etc.
Purpose of Embedded Systems
- Designed to serve one or a combination of the following tasks:
- Data Collection/Storage/Representation
- Data Communication
- Data (Signal) Processing
- Monitoring
- Control
- Application Specific User Interface
Data Collection/Storage/Representation
- Collected data can be either analog or digital.
- Data collection is done for storage, analysis, manipulation, and transmission.
- Collected data may be stored directly, transmitted, processed, or deleted instantly.
Data Communication
- Embedded data communication systems are deployed in applications ranging from complex satellite communication systems to simple home networking systems.
- Data communication can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth).
- Network hubs, Routers, switches, Modems, etc. are typical examples for dedicated data transmission embedded systems.
Data (Signal) Processing
- Embedded systems with Signal processing functionalities are employed in applications demanding signal processing.
- Examples: Speech coding, Speech synthesis, Audio video codec, Data transmission applications.
- Employs Digital Signal Processors (DSPs).
Monitoring
- Embedded systems specifically designed for monitoring purposes.
- Used for determining the state of some variables using input sensors.
- Cannot impose control over variables.
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Description
Learn about embedded systems, their definition, characteristics and examples, and how they differ from general computing systems.
