27 Questions
In which pathway does NAD act as a hydrogen acceptor?
EM pathway
What is formed in the EM pathway?
ATP but not CO2
How many molecules of NADPH are formed per molecule of glucose 6-phosphate?
Two
In which pathway is ATP required but not produced?
HMP pathway
What is the product of the second dehydrogenation reaction in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?
Ribulose 5-phosphate
What is the product of the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway?
NADPH + H+ and CO₂
What is the function of the stage 2 nonoxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway?
To convert ribulose 5-phosphate to various sugar molecules
What is the reactant of the enzyme phosphogluconate dehydrogenase?
6-phosphogluconate
What percentage of glucose is shunted through the pentose phosphate pathway daily?
10%
What is the primary location of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Cytosol
What is the primary purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Generation of NADPH and pentose phosphates
How many molecules of glucose-6-phosphate enter the pentose phosphate pathway?
3
What is the byproduct of the pentose phosphate pathway that is used for nucleotide synthesis?
Pentose phosphates
What is the role of NADPH in hemoglobin?
To keep the iron in the reduced state (ferrous)
What is the consequence of diminished G6PD activity in cells?
Decrease in the cellular detoxification of free radicals
What is the primary function of NADPH in the lens of the eye?
To maintain the transparency of the lens
What is the result of the inability to detoxify oxidizing agents in G6PD deficiency?
All of the above
What is the role of NADPH in macrophage activity?
To produce superoxide anion radical
In which organs is the oxidative reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway active?
Liver, lactating mammary glands, and adrenal cortex
What is the role of NADPH in erythrocytes?
Maintaining membrane integrity
What is the function of NADPH in the nonoxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway?
Synthesizing nucleotides and nucleic acids
Which organs require NADPH for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and steroids?
Adrenal cortex and adipose tissue
What is the role of NADPH in free radical scavenging?
Reducing glutathione
In which organs is the pentose phosphate pathway involved in nucleotide synthesis?
All cell types
What is the role of NADPH in the adrenal cortex?
Synthesizing steroids
What is the role of glutathione in erythrocytes?
Detoxifying free radicals
In which organs is the pentose phosphate pathway involved in fatty acid synthesis?
Adipose tissue and liver
Test your knowledge on the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt pathway. Identify the key differences between these two pathways, including the tissues in which they occur, the acceptors of hydrogen, and the production of ATP and CO2.
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