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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus when we talk about the chemical reactions within a cell?
What is the main focus when we talk about the chemical reactions within a cell?
Which type of metabolic pathways produce cellular components?
Which type of metabolic pathways produce cellular components?
Which type of reaction characterizes catabolic pathways?
Which type of reaction characterizes catabolic pathways?
What role do catabolic pathways play in cells?
What role do catabolic pathways play in cells?
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What is the compound formed by linking adenine and ribose called?
What is the compound formed by linking adenine and ribose called?
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Why is ATP considered to have energy-rich bonds?
Why is ATP considered to have energy-rich bonds?
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What is the main reason for the exergonic nature of ATP hydrolysis?
What is the main reason for the exergonic nature of ATP hydrolysis?
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What does the ATP/ADP pair represent in cellular energy dynamics?
What does the ATP/ADP pair represent in cellular energy dynamics?
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What is the main purpose of glycolysis in cells?
What is the main purpose of glycolysis in cells?
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Which phase of glycolysis results in the generation of NADH and ATP?
Which phase of glycolysis results in the generation of NADH and ATP?
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What is the fate of glucose molecules in cells that undergo glycolysis?
What is the fate of glucose molecules in cells that undergo glycolysis?
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How does glycolysis differ in cells depending on the presence or absence of oxygen?
How does glycolysis differ in cells depending on the presence or absence of oxygen?
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What is a characteristic feature of the overall glycolytic pathway?
What is a characteristic feature of the overall glycolytic pathway?
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What is the end product of the anaerobic process known as lactate fermentation?
What is the end product of the anaerobic process known as lactate fermentation?
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Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in lactate fermentation?
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in lactate fermentation?
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In alcoholic fermentation, what is the fate of the 2 pyruvate molecules?
In alcoholic fermentation, what is the fate of the 2 pyruvate molecules?
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What is the main energy-yielding pathway in many anaerobic bacteria?
What is the main energy-yielding pathway in many anaerobic bacteria?
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Which industry heavily relies on alcoholic fermentation by yeast cells?
Which industry heavily relies on alcoholic fermentation by yeast cells?
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Where are most of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle located in a bacterial cell?
Where are most of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle located in a bacterial cell?
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Why must polypeptides entering mitochondria be in an unfolded state?
Why must polypeptides entering mitochondria be in an unfolded state?
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Which components of respiratory metabolism are located in the plasma membrane of bacterial cells?
Which components of respiratory metabolism are located in the plasma membrane of bacterial cells?
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What is the role of chaperone proteins in mitochondria?
What is the role of chaperone proteins in mitochondria?
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Where is the short circular DNA molecule of the mitochondrion located?
Where is the short circular DNA molecule of the mitochondrion located?
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What is the main function of the citric acid cycle?
What is the main function of the citric acid cycle?
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Which intermediate is an important component of the citric acid cycle?
Which intermediate is an important component of the citric acid cycle?
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Which molecules are used as substrates in the citric acid cycle?
Which molecules are used as substrates in the citric acid cycle?
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What is the primary form in which carbon enters the citric acid cycle?
What is the primary form in which carbon enters the citric acid cycle?
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What is the main product of the catabolism of triacylglycerols?
What is the main product of the catabolism of triacylglycerols?
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How is pyruvate transported into the mitochondrial matrix for further processing?
How is pyruvate transported into the mitochondrial matrix for further processing?
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Which amino acids can be directly converted to pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediates?
Which amino acids can be directly converted to pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediates?
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What is another name for the citric acid cycle due to citrate's chemical structure?
What is another name for the citric acid cycle due to citrate's chemical structure?
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Who is credited with identifying and characterizing the citric acid cycle in the 1930s?
Who is credited with identifying and characterizing the citric acid cycle in the 1930s?
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What is the role of proteases in protein catabolism?
What is the role of proteases in protein catabolism?
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What is an important characteristic of flavoproteins and coenzyme NADH during electron transport?
What is an important characteristic of flavoproteins and coenzyme NADH during electron transport?
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Which complex transfers electrons from succinate to FAD to generate FADH2?
Which complex transfers electrons from succinate to FAD to generate FADH2?
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What is the main role of cytochrome c oxidase (complex 4) in aerobic respiration?
What is the main role of cytochrome c oxidase (complex 4) in aerobic respiration?
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In which direction are protons pumped during electron transport through complexes 1, 3, and 4?
In which direction are protons pumped during electron transport through complexes 1, 3, and 4?
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What is the unique feature of respirasomes in relation to respiratory complexes?
What is the unique feature of respirasomes in relation to respiratory complexes?
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Which condition favors electron transport and ATP generation according to the chemiosmotic model?
Which condition favors electron transport and ATP generation according to the chemiosmotic model?
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What effect do uncoupling agents have on the proton gradient and ATP synthesis in mitochondria?
What effect do uncoupling agents have on the proton gradient and ATP synthesis in mitochondria?
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What drives protons back into the mitochondrial matrix during ATP synthesis?
What drives protons back into the mitochondrial matrix during ATP synthesis?
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What is required for isolated complexes involved in electron transfer to be coupled to ATP synthesis?
What is required for isolated complexes involved in electron transfer to be coupled to ATP synthesis?
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