Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between solid, liquid, and gas?
How close or far the atoms are from each other
What is the structure of an atom's nucleus?
Dense and small, containing protons and neutrons
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton
What is the mass of a neutron?
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What does the atomic number of an element represent?
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Study Notes
Composition Matter
- Matter can be broken down into two types: pure substance and mixture.
Pure Substance
- Made up of one type of atom/molecule.
- Elements: substances that can't be decomposed into a simpler substance.
- There are 118 elements found on earth.
- Examples of elements: helium, copper.
Compounds
- Substances composed of 2 or more elements in fixed proportions.
- Examples of compounds: water (H2O - hydrogen/oxygen), salt (NaCl - sodium/chlorine), sugar (C12H22O11 - carbon/hydrogen/oxygen).
- Water (H2O) has a fixed proportion of two hydrogens per one oxygen.
Mixture
- Made up of many types of atoms/molecules.
- Can be classified into two types: homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture.
Homogeneous Mixture
- Two or more elements or compounds that are uniformly mixed together.
- Examples: milk, cola, air.
- Components are not visible to the naked eye, but can be seen with a microscope.
Heterogeneous Mixture
- Two or more compounds/elements that are not uniformly mixed.
- Components are visible to the naked eye.
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