Elementos Químicos: Lantano (La)
8 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

¿Cuál es el símbolo químico del lantano?

  • Ln
  • Lan
  • L
  • La (correct)
  • ¿Cuál es el estado de oxidación más común del lantano?

  • +3 (correct)
  • -1
  • +2
  • 0
  • ¿Cuál es la principal propiedad del lantano relacionada con su dureza?

  • No se puede cortar con un cuchillo.
  • Es extremadamente duro.
  • Es duro, pero no extremadamente.
  • Es relativamente blando. (correct)
  • ¿Con qué tipo de compuestos reacciona el lantano al estar expuesto al aire?

    <p>Con oxígeno, nitrógeno y halógenos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es el punto de fusión del lantano?

    <p>920 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál de las siguientes afirmaciones sobre el lantano es correcta?

    <p>No tiene interacción biológica conocida.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿De qué minerales se extrae comúnmente el lantano?

    <p>Monacita y bastnasita.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es una aplicación del lantano?

    <p>Como material refractario.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction

    • Lanthanum, likely represented by the symbol "La", is a chemical element.

    Atomic Structure and Properties

    • Atomic number: 57
    • Atomic symbol: La
    • Atomic weight: 138.9055 u
    • Electronic configuration: [Xe] 6s2 5d1
    • Oxidation states: +3 (most common)
    • Metallic character: Lanthanum is a soft, silvery-white metal.
    • Melting point: 920 °C
    • Boiling point: 3464 °C
    • Density: 6.16 g/cm³
    • Hardness: Relatively soft, easily cut with a knife.

    Chemistry

    • Reactivity: Lanthanum is moderately reactive. It readily reacts with oxygen, nitrogen, and halogens when exposed to air or in the presence of moisture/water.
    • Reactions with water: Reacts with cold water but less vigorously than alkali metals, evolving hydrogen.
    • Reactions with acids: Reacts readily with acids, like hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, to form lanthanum salts.
    • Solubility: Lanthanum salts are generally soluble in water except for lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃).
    • Compounds: Lanthanum forms a number of compounds and complexes, including oxides (La₂O₃), sulfates, halides, and nitrates.

    Occurrence and Extraction

    • Abundance in the Earth's crust: Relatively rare.
    • Main minerals: Cerium minerals often contain Lanthanum.
    • Extraction methods: Lanthanum is usually extracted from monazite and bastnäsite ores, often in conjunction with other lanthanides. The methods involve processes such as chemical leaching, separation of rare earth elements, and purification.

    Applications

    • Alloys: An important element in various alloys for high-temperature applications; a component in some high-intensity lasers.
    • Catalysts: Used in specific catalytic applications.
    • Optical devices: Used in some optical technologies.
    • Glow-in-the-dark materials: Used in making materials that emit light after exposure to light.
    • Refractories: Lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃) is used as a refractory material.
    • Other uses: Used in special glass-making processes.

    Biological Roles

    • Biological role: Lanthanum, like other lanthanides, is not known to have any biological role. Its chemical characteristics do not suggest a direct biological function or interaction with living systems.

    Health and Safety

    • Toxicity: Lanthanum salts are generally considered relatively low in toxicity in salt form, though exposure could have adverse effects on certain systems.
    • Handling precautions: Usual precautions during handling, similar to other reactive metals, are required: avoid contact with air, water, and strong acids.

    Lanthanide Series

    • Lanthanum is the first element in the lanthanide series, a group of fifteen metallic elements.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Este cuestionario se centra en las propiedades y la estructura atómica del lantano, un elemento metálico suave y reactivo. A través de preguntas, exploraremos su número atómico, peso atómico, configuración electrónica y reactividad. Ideal para estudiantes de química que deseen profundizar en los metales de transición y elementos de tierras raras.

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser