18 Questions
Which type of groups are all -I groups considered to be?
Meta directors
What effect do halogens have on the reaction?
Deactivate the reaction
What is the electron donating effect called when a group bears one or more nonbonding electron pairs?
+R effect
Which type of groups mainly lead to meta substitution?
Groups with -R effect
What effect do halo groups have in terms of orientation and reaction rate?
Ortho and para directing, activating
Which effect causes an electron displacement away from the benzene ring towards the group?
-R effect
Which effect influences reactivity in disubstituted benzenes?
Resonance effect
When do o/p-directing and m-directing groups control the orientation?
When they are not reinforcing each other
What happens if a strongly activating group competes with a weakly activating one?
The strongly activating group controls the orientation
In the synthesis of p-chloronitrobenzene, which step involves the introduction of the nitro group?
(II) Cl HNO3 H2SO4 Cl2/Fe NO2
Which compound is obtained from the oxidation of toluene using KMnO4/H+ and H2SO4?
p-nitrobenzoic acid
What is the name for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene?
Arenes
Which aspect of the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction does a substituent affect?
Both the rate of the reaction and the orientation
What type of substituents fasten the rate of the reaction in electrophilic aromatic substitution?
Activating groups
Which type of groups are ortho, para directors in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions?
Activating groups
What effect does a group have if it is Electron-donating?
+I effect
What determines the position of the second incoming substituent in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction?
The identity of the first substituent
Which type of groups are meta directors in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions?
Deactivating groups with a full or partial positive charge
Test your knowledge on electrophilic substitution reactions, including the effects of activating and deactivating groups, and the resonance effect of substituent groups with nonbonding electron pairs.
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