Electronic Configuration and Dot & Cross Diagrams Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What did Joseph John Thompson discover in 1898?

Atoms could eject a far smaller negative particle called an ELECTRON

Who developed the idea of atoms and what did he call them?

Democritus; ATOMA (greek for indivisible)

According to John Dalton, what was all matter made up of?

Tiny spheres called ATOMS

What did Rutherford propose after his experiment with the gold foil?

A more detailed model of the atom with a central nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Write the electronic configuration for Calcium (Ca) with atomic number 20.

2,8,8,2 Signup and view all the answers

Describe Thompson's Plum Pudding model of the atom.

An atom made up of electrons scattered unevenly within an elastic sphere surrounded by a soup of positive charge Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Rutherford's famous experiment with gold foil?

Most helium nuclei passed through, but some were deflected and others bounced straight back Signup and view all the answers

Draw the Dot & Cross diagram for Oxygen (O) with atomic number 8.

X O X X O X Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between the Atomic Number and the number of Protons in an atom.

The Atomic Number of an atom equals the number of protons in its nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Define the Atomic Mass of an atom and how it is calculated.

The Atomic Mass of an atom is the sum of the number of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

How do Electrons orbit the nucleus in an atom?

Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the principle that the number of Protons in an atom is equal to the number of Electrons.

In an atom, the number of Protons always equals the number of Electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What did Niels Bohr add to Rutherford's model of the atom?

Electrons in orbits Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of atomic number.

Number of protons in an atom Signup and view all the answers

How are electrons arranged in an atom according to atomic structure?

In energy levels or shells around the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the third shell of an atom?

8 electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge and mass of a neutron?

No charge, mass of 1 Signup and view all the answers

How are elements represented numerically in electronic configuration?

By the number of electrons in their shells and the number of shells Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with overseeing the famous experiment where helium nuclei were fired at a piece of gold foil?

Ernest Rutherford Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Rutherford's experiment with the gold foil?

Some helium nuclei were deflected and others bounced straight back. Signup and view all the answers

What did Rutherford propose as a result of the evidence from the gold foil experiment?

A more detailed model with a central nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Describe John Dalton's theory about the structure of matter.

Tiny spheres that could bounce around with perfect elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What did Joseph John Thompson discover about atoms in 1898?

Atoms could sometimes eject a far smaller negative particle called an electron Signup and view all the answers

Explain Thompson's Plum Pudding model of the atom.

An atom made up of electrons scattered unevenly within a sphere of positive charge Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Structure

Atomic Number: number of protons in an atom's nucleus
Atomic Mass: number of Protons + Neutrons in an atom's nucleus
Number of Protons = Number of Electrons
Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
Each shell can carry a set number of electrons

Electronic Configuration

Elements are represented numerically by the number of electrons in their shells and number of shells
e.g., Nitrogen: 2 in 1st shell, 5 in 2nd shell = 2, 5, 2+5=7, N 7 14

Dot & Cross Diagrams

Elements and compounds are represented by Dots or Crosses to show electrons, and circles to show the shells
e.g., Nitrogen: X X N XX X X N 7 14

Atomic Structure Models

Rutherford's Model: central nucleus with electrons in orbits
Bohr's Model: electrons in orbits around the nucleus, each orbit with a set number of electrons
Plum Pudding Model: electrons scattered unevenly within an elastic sphere surrounded by a soup of positive charge

History of the Atom

460 BC: Democritus develops the idea of atoms
1808: John Dalton suggests that all matter is made up of tiny spheres called atoms
1898: Joseph John Thompson discovers electrons
1904: Thompson develops the idea of an atom with electrons scattered unevenly within an elastic sphere
1910: Rutherford's experiment leads to a more detailed model with a central nucleus
1913: Niels Bohr refines Rutherford's idea by adding electrons in orbits

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Description

Test your knowledge of electronic configurations and dot & cross diagrams by providing the electronic configuration for elements such as Ca, Na, Cl, Si, O, and B, and drawing dot & cross diagrams for various elements and compounds. Practice identifying the number of electrons in each shell and representing them using dots and crosses.