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Questions and Answers
What happens in Step 1 of the Electron Transport Chain?
What happens in Step 1 of the Electron Transport Chain?
- Electrons are passed to cytochrome c
- Electrons are passed to ubiquinone
- Electrons are passed from NADH into the NADH dehydrogenase complex (correct)
- Electrons interact with molecular oxygen
What is the role of ubiquinone in Step 2?
What is the role of ubiquinone in Step 2?
Ubiquinone transfers electrons to the cytochrome b-c1 complex.
In Step 3, cytochrome c accepts both electrons at the same time.
In Step 3, cytochrome c accepts both electrons at the same time.
False (B)
In Step 4, four electrons are used to form two ______ molecules.
In Step 4, four electrons are used to form two ______ molecules.
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What is created in Step 5 due to the hydrogen pumping steps?
What is created in Step 5 due to the hydrogen pumping steps?
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Study Notes
Electron Transport Chain Steps
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Step 1: NADH Transfer
- Two electrons are transferred from NADH to the NADH dehydrogenase complex.
- For each electron transferred, one hydrogen ion (H+) is pumped across the membrane.
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Step 2: Role of Ubiquinone
- Two electrons are transferred to ubiquinone, a mobile electron carrier.
- Ubiquinone transports electrons to the cytochrome b-c1 complex.
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Step 3: Cytochrome c Interaction
- Electrons are passed from the cytochrome b-c1 complex to cytochrome c.
- Cytochrome c accepts electrons individually, with one hydrogen ion pumped per electron transferred.
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Step 4: Cytochrome Oxidase Complex
- Involves the transfer of four electrons that react with molecular oxygen and eight hydrogen ions.
- Results in the formation of two water molecules, with four hydrogen ions pumped across the membrane.
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Step 5: ATP Synthase and Gradient Utilization
- The hydrogen ion pumping generates an electrochemical gradient.
- This gradient provides the potential energy needed by ATP synthase to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.
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