Questions and Answers
What happens in Step 1 of the Electron Transport Chain?
What is the role of ubiquinone in Step 2?
Ubiquinone transfers electrons to the cytochrome b-c1 complex.
In Step 3, cytochrome c accepts both electrons at the same time.
False
In Step 4, four electrons are used to form two ______ molecules.
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What is created in Step 5 due to the hydrogen pumping steps?
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Study Notes
Electron Transport Chain Steps
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Step 1: NADH Transfer
- Two electrons are transferred from NADH to the NADH dehydrogenase complex.
- For each electron transferred, one hydrogen ion (H+) is pumped across the membrane.
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Step 2: Role of Ubiquinone
- Two electrons are transferred to ubiquinone, a mobile electron carrier.
- Ubiquinone transports electrons to the cytochrome b-c1 complex.
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Step 3: Cytochrome c Interaction
- Electrons are passed from the cytochrome b-c1 complex to cytochrome c.
- Cytochrome c accepts electrons individually, with one hydrogen ion pumped per electron transferred.
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Step 4: Cytochrome Oxidase Complex
- Involves the transfer of four electrons that react with molecular oxygen and eight hydrogen ions.
- Results in the formation of two water molecules, with four hydrogen ions pumped across the membrane.
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Step 5: ATP Synthase and Gradient Utilization
- The hydrogen ion pumping generates an electrochemical gradient.
- This gradient provides the potential energy needed by ATP synthase to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the steps of the electron transport chain, highlighting the mechanisms of electron transfer and ion pumping. Learn about the role of NADH, ubiquinone, and the cytochrome b-c1 complex in cellular respiration.
