Electron Transport Chain Quiz
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Electron Transport Chain Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which coenzyme is involved in electron transport in the mitochondria?

  • NADH (correct)
  • FAD
  • NADPH
  • ADP

    • What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

  • NADH
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Oxygen (correct)
  • ATP

    • Which enzyme is directly inhibited by cyanide in the electron transport chain?

  • NADH dehydrogenase
  • Succinate dehydrogenase
  • Cytochrome c oxidase (correct)
  • ATP synthase

    • Which of the following uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production?

    <p>Dinitrophenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process results in the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Proton gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many molecules of ATP are produced per NADH in the liver?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is known to inhibit the activity of the e(11-12)synthase?

    <p>Oligomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source of NADPH is primarily used in lipogenesis?

    <p>Pentose phosphate pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is a product of the citric acid cycle and donates electrons to the electron transport chain?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ATP synthase in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Synthesize ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound inhibits complex III of the electron transport chain?

    <p>Antimycin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of uncoupling proteins (UCP) in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Dissipate proton gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is known for storing high-energy phosphate bonds that are transferred to ATP during muscle contraction?

    <p>Creatine phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which process is the majority of ATP produced in metabolism?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecule primarily serves to provide energy for muscle contraction?

    <p>Creatine phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of ATP is responsible for its high-energy characteristics?

    <p>Phosphate bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard reduction potential (E°’) of a redox pair indicative of?

    <p>The capacity to donate electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what primarily causes the buildup of lactic acid?

    <p>Increased glycolysis under anaerobic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction generates NADPH in the cell?

    <p>Glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which high-energy compound is regenerated through substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process directly reduces ubiquinone (CoQ) in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxidation of FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glycerol phosphate shuttle?

    <p>Transfer electrons from cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor in which step of glycolysis?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase step</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard reduction potential for the reduction of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

    <p>+0.82 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is allosterically inhibited by citrate during glycolysis?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound plays a key role in regulating the rate of oxidative phosphorylation by controlling the availability of ADP?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During beta-oxidation, which enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of a two-carbon unit from the fatty acid chain?

    <p>Thiolase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to cause a significant reduction in the NAD+/NADH ratio?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Warburg effect describe in relation to cancer cells?

    <p>Use glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit used to measure the heat content (enthalpy) of reactants and products in bioenergetics?

    <p>Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does oxidative damage to mitochondrial complex IV components have on oxygen consumption?

    <p>Decreased oxygen consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound inhibits ATP production through its preferential use by cancer cells?

    <p>Citrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is directly responsible for generating NADH in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate P/O ratio for FADH2?

    <p>It is approximately 1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of ATP synthase rotates to catalyze the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi?

    <p>F0 rotor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proton ionophores like FCCP and DNP uncouple oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>By allowing protons to flow across the membrane without passing through ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions directly regenerates FADH2 in cellular respiration?

    <p>Succinate to fumarate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metabolic adaptation occurs during prolonged fasting or starvation?

    <p>Enhanced production of ketone bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is least affected by the lack of oxygen?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the P/O ratio is TRUE?

    <p>It is higher for NADH than FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electron Transport Chain

    • NADH is a coenzyme involved in electron transport in the mitochondria.
    • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    • Cytochrome c oxidase is the enzyme directly inhibited by cyanide in the electron transport chain.
    • Dinitrophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production.
    • Proton gradient is synthesized during oxidative phosphorylation.
    • NADH is a product of the citric acid cycle and donates electrons to the electron transport chain.
    • Antimycin A inhibits complex III of the electron transport chain.
    • ATP synthase catalyzes the final step of oxidative phosphorylation.
    • Uncoupling proteins (UCP) dissipate the proton gradient in oxidative phosphorylation.
    • Oxidative phosphorylation produces the majority of ATP in cellular metabolism.
    • Glycerol phosphate shuttle and malate-aspartate shuttle transfer cytosolic NADH into the mitochondrion for oxidation.
    • The standard reduction potential (E°’) measures the tendency of a redox pair to accept electrons.
    • The standard reduction potential (E°’) of the reduction of oxygen to water is -220 kJ/mol in the electron transport chain.

    ATP

    • ATP is used to provide energy for muscle contraction, drive biosynthetic reactions, and maintain ion gradients across membranes.
    • The high-energy bonds in ATP are stored in the phosphate bonds.
    • Creatine phosphate stores high-energy phosphate bonds that are transferred to ATP during muscle contraction.

    Other

    • Pentose phosphate pathway is a source of NADPH in lipogenesis.
    • The liver produces 3 molecules of ATP per NADH molecule.
    • The buildup of lactic acid during exercise is primarily due to increased glycolysis under anaerobic conditions.
    • Glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone reaction generates NADPH in the cell.
    • FADH2 is regenerated in the citric acid cycle by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
    • The gamma subunit of ATP synthase rotates to catalyze the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi during oxidative phosphorylation.
    • Succinate to fumarate reaction is directly responsible for regenerating FADH2 in cellular respiration without producing ATP.
    • Citrate allosterically inhibits phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) during glycolysis.
    • Thiolase catalyzes the cleavage of a two-carbon unit from the fatty acid chain during beta-oxidation.
    • Hypoxia is most likely to cause a significant reduction in the NAD+/NADH ratio.
    • Joules are used to measure the heat content (enthalpy) of reactants and products in bioenergetics.
    • ATP inhibits the activity of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) in glycolysis.
    • Cytochrome c oxidase is inhibited by cyanide.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Electron Transport Chain with this quiz. Topics include the role of NADH, oxygen as the final electron acceptor, and mechanisms of inhibitors. Understand the intricacies of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production.

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