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Questions and Answers
Which coenzyme is involved in electron transport in the mitochondria?
Which coenzyme is involved in electron transport in the mitochondria?
What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Which enzyme is directly inhibited by cyanide in the electron transport chain?
Which enzyme is directly inhibited by cyanide in the electron transport chain?
Which of the following uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production?
Which of the following uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production?
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What process results in the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?
What process results in the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?
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How many molecules of ATP are produced per NADH in the liver?
How many molecules of ATP are produced per NADH in the liver?
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Which compound is known to inhibit the activity of the e(11-12)synthase?
Which compound is known to inhibit the activity of the e(11-12)synthase?
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Which source of NADPH is primarily used in lipogenesis?
Which source of NADPH is primarily used in lipogenesis?
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Which molecule is a product of the citric acid cycle and donates electrons to the electron transport chain?
Which molecule is a product of the citric acid cycle and donates electrons to the electron transport chain?
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What is the primary role of ATP synthase in oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the primary role of ATP synthase in oxidative phosphorylation?
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Which compound inhibits complex III of the electron transport chain?
Which compound inhibits complex III of the electron transport chain?
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What is the primary function of uncoupling proteins (UCP) in oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the primary function of uncoupling proteins (UCP) in oxidative phosphorylation?
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Which molecule is known for storing high-energy phosphate bonds that are transferred to ATP during muscle contraction?
Which molecule is known for storing high-energy phosphate bonds that are transferred to ATP during muscle contraction?
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During which process is the majority of ATP produced in metabolism?
During which process is the majority of ATP produced in metabolism?
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What type of molecule primarily serves to provide energy for muscle contraction?
What type of molecule primarily serves to provide energy for muscle contraction?
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Which component of ATP is responsible for its high-energy characteristics?
Which component of ATP is responsible for its high-energy characteristics?
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What is the standard reduction potential (E°’) of a redox pair indicative of?
What is the standard reduction potential (E°’) of a redox pair indicative of?
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During exercise, what primarily causes the buildup of lactic acid?
During exercise, what primarily causes the buildup of lactic acid?
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Which reaction generates NADPH in the cell?
Which reaction generates NADPH in the cell?
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Which high-energy compound is regenerated through substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
Which high-energy compound is regenerated through substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
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Which process directly reduces ubiquinone (CoQ) in the electron transport chain?
Which process directly reduces ubiquinone (CoQ) in the electron transport chain?
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What is the primary function of the glycerol phosphate shuttle?
What is the primary function of the glycerol phosphate shuttle?
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ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor in which step of glycolysis?
ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor in which step of glycolysis?
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What is the standard reduction potential for the reduction of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
What is the standard reduction potential for the reduction of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
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Which enzyme is allosterically inhibited by citrate during glycolysis?
Which enzyme is allosterically inhibited by citrate during glycolysis?
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Which compound plays a key role in regulating the rate of oxidative phosphorylation by controlling the availability of ADP?
Which compound plays a key role in regulating the rate of oxidative phosphorylation by controlling the availability of ADP?
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During beta-oxidation, which enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of a two-carbon unit from the fatty acid chain?
During beta-oxidation, which enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of a two-carbon unit from the fatty acid chain?
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Which condition is most likely to cause a significant reduction in the NAD+/NADH ratio?
Which condition is most likely to cause a significant reduction in the NAD+/NADH ratio?
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What does the Warburg effect describe in relation to cancer cells?
What does the Warburg effect describe in relation to cancer cells?
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What is the unit used to measure the heat content (enthalpy) of reactants and products in bioenergetics?
What is the unit used to measure the heat content (enthalpy) of reactants and products in bioenergetics?
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What effect does oxidative damage to mitochondrial complex IV components have on oxygen consumption?
What effect does oxidative damage to mitochondrial complex IV components have on oxygen consumption?
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Which compound inhibits ATP production through its preferential use by cancer cells?
Which compound inhibits ATP production through its preferential use by cancer cells?
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Which enzyme is directly responsible for generating NADH in the citric acid cycle?
Which enzyme is directly responsible for generating NADH in the citric acid cycle?
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What is the approximate P/O ratio for FADH2?
What is the approximate P/O ratio for FADH2?
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Which component of ATP synthase rotates to catalyze the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi?
Which component of ATP synthase rotates to catalyze the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi?
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How do proton ionophores like FCCP and DNP uncouple oxidative phosphorylation?
How do proton ionophores like FCCP and DNP uncouple oxidative phosphorylation?
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Which of the following reactions directly regenerates FADH2 in cellular respiration?
Which of the following reactions directly regenerates FADH2 in cellular respiration?
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What metabolic adaptation occurs during prolonged fasting or starvation?
What metabolic adaptation occurs during prolonged fasting or starvation?
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Which process is least affected by the lack of oxygen?
Which process is least affected by the lack of oxygen?
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Which of the following statements about the P/O ratio is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about the P/O ratio is TRUE?
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Study Notes
Electron Transport Chain
- NADH is a coenzyme involved in electron transport in the mitochondria.
- Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
- Cytochrome c oxidase is the enzyme directly inhibited by cyanide in the electron transport chain.
- Dinitrophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production.
- Proton gradient is synthesized during oxidative phosphorylation.
- NADH is a product of the citric acid cycle and donates electrons to the electron transport chain.
- Antimycin A inhibits complex III of the electron transport chain.
- ATP synthase catalyzes the final step of oxidative phosphorylation.
- Uncoupling proteins (UCP) dissipate the proton gradient in oxidative phosphorylation.
- Oxidative phosphorylation produces the majority of ATP in cellular metabolism.
- Glycerol phosphate shuttle and malate-aspartate shuttle transfer cytosolic NADH into the mitochondrion for oxidation.
- The standard reduction potential (E°’) measures the tendency of a redox pair to accept electrons.
- The standard reduction potential (E°’) of the reduction of oxygen to water is -220 kJ/mol in the electron transport chain.
ATP
- ATP is used to provide energy for muscle contraction, drive biosynthetic reactions, and maintain ion gradients across membranes.
- The high-energy bonds in ATP are stored in the phosphate bonds.
- Creatine phosphate stores high-energy phosphate bonds that are transferred to ATP during muscle contraction.
Other
- Pentose phosphate pathway is a source of NADPH in lipogenesis.
- The liver produces 3 molecules of ATP per NADH molecule.
- The buildup of lactic acid during exercise is primarily due to increased glycolysis under anaerobic conditions.
- Glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone reaction generates NADPH in the cell.
- FADH2 is regenerated in the citric acid cycle by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
- The gamma subunit of ATP synthase rotates to catalyze the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi during oxidative phosphorylation.
- Succinate to fumarate reaction is directly responsible for regenerating FADH2 in cellular respiration without producing ATP.
- Citrate allosterically inhibits phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) during glycolysis.
- Thiolase catalyzes the cleavage of a two-carbon unit from the fatty acid chain during beta-oxidation.
- Hypoxia is most likely to cause a significant reduction in the NAD+/NADH ratio.
- Joules are used to measure the heat content (enthalpy) of reactants and products in bioenergetics.
- ATP inhibits the activity of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) in glycolysis.
- Cytochrome c oxidase is inhibited by cyanide.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Electron Transport Chain with this quiz. Topics include the role of NADH, oxygen as the final electron acceptor, and mechanisms of inhibitors. Understand the intricacies of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production.
