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Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Questions and Answers

Where do dark reactions occur in the process of photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

Nucleus

Thylakoid membrane

Stroma (correct)

What is the primary function of ATP and NADPH molecules in the dark reactions?

To synthesize proteins

To generate oxygen

To absorb light energy

To convert CO2 into glucose (correct)

What is the term for the process of converting ADP molecules back into ATP molecules?

Photosynthesis

Cellular phosphorylation

Glycolysis

Cellular respiration (correct)

What is the principle of energy conservation stated in the context of cellular respiration?

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but not created or destroyed Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of energy transfer or transformation in the universe?

Increased entropy Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of studying the interaction of metabolic pathways called?

Metabolomics Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

To accept electrons and H+ ions, forming water Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum ATP yield from the electrons carried by NADH and FADH2?

3 ATP/NADH and 2 ATP/FADH2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the protons flowing back into the matrix through ATP synthases?

The generation of energy to produce ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the energy from the electron transport chain is used to generate ATP?

Oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Where do the electrons carried by NADH enter the electron transport chain?

At the flavoprotein molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which a proton gradient is used to generate ATP?

Chemiosmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP molecules during glycolysis?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electron carrier NAD+ in glycolysis?

To accept high-energy electrons and transfer them to NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the result if a cell generates large amounts of ATP from glycolysis?

The cell's available NAD+ molecules become filled up with electrons Signup and view all the answers

Why did glycolysis evolve before the other stages of cellular respiration?

Because there was no oxygen in Earth's atmosphere when life first evolved Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the 2 remaining pyruvic acid molecules in the presence of oxygen?

They enter the Krebs cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glycolysis being a fast process?

It allows cells to produce thousands of ATP molecules in a few milliseconds Signup and view all the answers