Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Questions and Answers

Where do dark reactions occur in the process of photosynthesis?

  • Chloroplast
  • Nucleus
  • Thylakoid membrane
  • Stroma (correct)

What is the primary function of ATP and NADPH molecules in the dark reactions?

  • To synthesize proteins
  • To generate oxygen
  • To absorb light energy
  • To convert CO2 into glucose (correct)

What is the term for the process of converting ADP molecules back into ATP molecules?

  • Photosynthesis
  • Cellular phosphorylation
  • Glycolysis
  • Cellular respiration (correct)

What is the principle of energy conservation stated in the context of cellular respiration?

<p>Energy can be transferred and transformed, but not created or destroyed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of energy transfer or transformation in the universe?

<p>Increased entropy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of studying the interaction of metabolic pathways called?

<p>Metabolomics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

<p>To accept electrons and H+ ions, forming water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum ATP yield from the electrons carried by NADH and FADH2?

<p>3 ATP/NADH and 2 ATP/FADH2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the protons flowing back into the matrix through ATP synthases?

<p>The generation of energy to produce ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the energy from the electron transport chain is used to generate ATP?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the electrons carried by NADH enter the electron transport chain?

<p>At the flavoprotein molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which a proton gradient is used to generate ATP?

<p>Chemiosmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP molecules during glycolysis?

<p>2 ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electron carrier NAD+ in glycolysis?

<p>To accept high-energy electrons and transfer them to NADH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result if a cell generates large amounts of ATP from glycolysis?

<p>The cell's available NAD+ molecules become filled up with electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did glycolysis evolve before the other stages of cellular respiration?

<p>Because there was no oxygen in Earth's atmosphere when life first evolved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the 2 remaining pyruvic acid molecules in the presence of oxygen?

<p>They enter the Krebs cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glycolysis being a fast process?

<p>It allows cells to produce thousands of ATP molecules in a few milliseconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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