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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the most stable, lowest-energy arrangement of electrons in an atom?
What is the term for the most stable, lowest-energy arrangement of electrons in an atom?
- Ground state (correct)
- Ionized state
- Excited state
- Valence state
According to the Aufbau principle, electrons fill higher energy orbitals before lower energy orbitals.
According to the Aufbau principle, electrons fill higher energy orbitals before lower energy orbitals.
False (B)
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital, according to the Pauli exclusion principle?
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital, according to the Pauli exclusion principle?
2
According to Hund's rule, single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal energy orbital _______ additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals.
According to Hund's rule, single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal energy orbital _______ additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals.
Match the principle with its description:
Match the principle with its description:
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an energy level denoted by 'n'?
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an energy level denoted by 'n'?
The stability of d sublevel decreases if it's half-filled or fully filled with electrons
The stability of d sublevel decreases if it's half-filled or fully filled with electrons
In orbital diagrams, how are electrons represented?
In orbital diagrams, how are electrons represented?
Flashcards
Electron Configuration
Electron Configuration
The arrangement of electrons in an atom using orbitals.
Ground-State Electron Configuration
Ground-State Electron Configuration
The most stable, lowest-energy arrangement of electrons in an atom.
Aufbau Principle
Aufbau Principle
Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first before higher ones.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Pauli Exclusion Principle
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Hund’s Rule
Hund’s Rule
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Electron Configuration Notation
Electron Configuration Notation
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Noble Gas Notation
Noble Gas Notation
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Orbital Diagram
Orbital Diagram
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Study Notes
Electron Configuration
- Electron configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals.
- It follows specific rules:
- Aufbau Principle: Electrons fill orbitals with the lowest energy first.
- Pauli Exclusion Principle: Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spins.
- Hund's Rule: Electrons fill degenerate orbitals individually before pairing up.
- Electron configuration notation uses numbers and letters to represent energy levels and sublevels. (e.g., 1s², 2s², 2p⁶)
- The most stable electron arrangement is the atom's ground state.
- There are exceptions to the Aufbau principle, such as copper and chromium due to the stability of half or full 'd' sublevels.
Orbital Diagrams
- Orbital diagrams illustrate electron distribution within orbitals visually using arrows (representing electrons) in boxes.
- Each box corresponds to an atomic orbital and is labeled with the quantum numbers (e.g., 1s, 2p).
Noble Gas Notation
- Noble gas notation is a shorthand method for representing electron configurations.
- It uses the symbol of a noble gas (an element with a complete electron shell) to represent the inner core electrons.
- The remaining electrons in the outer shells are explicitly written (e.g., [Ne]3s¹).
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