Electromagnetic Spectrum and Fibre-Optics Quiz

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What are radio waves primarily used for?

Communication technologies and data transfer.

In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do radio waves fall?

At the low frequency end of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Name two applications of radio waves.

Ticketing and cashless payments.

What is the range of wavelengths for radio waves?

From about 1 millimeter to over 100 kilometers. Signup and view all the answers

How does the radio-frequency spectrum relate to the electromagnetic spectrum?

The radio-frequency spectrum is a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Signup and view all the answers

What method does a fibre-optic cable use to transmit data?

It uses light pulses. Signup and view all the answers

What are two advantages of using fibre-optic cables?

They allow for high-speed data transmission and secure long-distance communication. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure of a fibre-optic cable.

It consists of a glass core surrounded by cladding and may have a protective outer sheath and Kevlar reinforcement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between single-mode and multimode fibres?

Single-mode transmits a single ray of light for long distances, while multimode transmits multiple rays for shorter distances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current maximum data transfer rate of fibre-optic cables?

The maximum transfer rate is up to 10 Gbps. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum length for UTP cables and why does it matter?

The maximum length for UTP cables is 100 meters. Exceeding this length can lead to signal attenuation and degradation of connection quality. Signup and view all the answers

Name two advantages of using Unshielded Twisted-Pair cable.

Two advantages of UTP cables are their low cost and ease of installation. These factors contribute to their popularity in networking. Signup and view all the answers

What are the data rates for UTP-Cat 5e and UTP-Cat 6?

UTP-Cat 5e supports data rates up to 1000Mbps, while UTP-Cat 6 also supports data rates up to 1000Mbps. Both categories are suitable for Gigabit Ethernet. Signup and view all the answers

What is crosstalk, and how can it be reduced in UTP installations?

Crosstalk is the interference of signals from one line affecting another. It can be reduced by increasing the number of twists per meter in the cable. Signup and view all the answers

List one weakness of copper cables related to security.

One weakness of copper cables is eavesdropping, where signals can be intercepted by outsiders. This raises security concerns in networks using copper cabling. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Local Area Network (LAN)?

To share hardware and software resources among connected devices. Signup and view all the answers

Name two types of twisted pair cables.

Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP). Signup and view all the answers

What are nodes in a network?

Nodes are devices that can send or receive data on the network. Signup and view all the answers

What role do Network Interface Cards (NICs) play in a LAN?

NICs connect network media like cables to devices. Signup and view all the answers

How do bounded media differ from wireless connectivity in networks?

Bounded media, like cables, keep signals within the cable, while wireless connectivity transmits signals through the air. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to signals in bounded transmission media?

Signals remain contained within the cable. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Twisted-Pair cables?

They consist of two insulated copper wires twisted around each other. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a connecting device in a network.

Switches are a common example of connecting devices. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary disadvantage of fibre-optic cables compared to UPT cables?

Fibre-optic cables are more expensive than UPT cables. Signup and view all the answers

What expertise is required for installing fibre-optic cables?

Expertise in properly installing and connecting the cables to devices is required. Signup and view all the answers

Name two examples of unbounded connection media.

Infrared and Bluetooth are examples of unbounded connection media. Signup and view all the answers

How do wireless technologies benefit long-range communications?

They enable data transfer over long distances where cables are impractical. Signup and view all the answers

What frequency range does Bluetooth operate within?

Bluetooth operates within the 2400–2480 MHz frequency range. Signup and view all the answers

What is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) designed for?

BLE is designed for applications needing lower power consumption. Signup and view all the answers

What function does Near Field Communication (NFC) serve?

NFC provides a wireless connection for two-way communication between devices. Signup and view all the answers

What are Personal Area Networks (PANs) created by Bluetooth used for?

PANs are used for short-distance data transmission between personal devices. Signup and view all the answers

What are two advantages of using a bus topology?

It requires less cable and does not need a switch, reducing costs. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes point-to-point communication from broadcast communication?

Point-to-point communication connects two specific nodes, while broadcast communication sends signals to all devices within the network. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major disadvantage of a bus topology?

A fault in the main cable can shut down the whole network. Signup and view all the answers

What are two advantages of using fiber optic cables?

Fiber optic cables offer higher data transmission speeds and greater resistance to electromagnetic interference. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by unbounded connection media?

Unbounded connection media refer to transmission methods that do not use a physical medium, such as wireless communication. Signup and view all the answers

How does a ring topology work?

All nodes are connected in a closed loop, with data traveling in one direction. Signup and view all the answers

List one advantage of connecting devices using Bluetooth technology?

One advantage of Bluetooth technology is its ability to enable seamless wireless communication over short distances. Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using a ring topology?

It has very little signal degradation due to each node boosting the signal. Signup and view all the answers

What feature differentiates modern ring networks from the first ring networks?

Modern ring networks use two rings for signals to travel in different directions. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the distance a radio wave signal will travel?

The frequency of the wave determines the distance a radio wave signal can travel, with higher frequencies resulting in shorter distances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a star topology?

In a star topology, each device connects to a central device, usually a switch. Signup and view all the answers

Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of star topology.

An advantage is easy setup and maintenance; a disadvantage is the high cabling cost. Signup and view all the answers

How does a bus topology function?

In a bus topology, all nodes connect to a single cable with terminators at each end. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the central switch in a star topology fails?

If the switch fails, the entire network goes down. Signup and view all the answers

Name a type of cable commonly used in a star topology.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) is commonly used in star topology. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major disadvantage of a ring topology?

One malfunctioning workstation can disrupt the entire network. Signup and view all the answers

How does a hybrid topology enhance network reliability?

It allows for easier error detection and troubleshooting. Signup and view all the answers

In what way is Ethernet important for local area networks?

It enables nodes to communicate through a common protocol. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an IP address?

An IP address allows a device to access the Internet. Signup and view all the answers

What are some downsides of a hybrid topology?

It can be complex to design and is often costly. Signup and view all the answers

What is a MAC address?

A MAC address is a unique hardware identification number assigned to each device on a network. Signup and view all the answers

How is a MAC address formatted?

A MAC address is formatted as six two-digit hexadecimal numbers separated by colons (e.g., 00:00:83:bl:c0:8e). Signup and view all the answers

What is IPv4 and how many bits does it use?

IPv4 is a network protocol that uses 32 binary bits to create a unique address. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an IPv6 address from an IPv4 address?

An IPv6 address uses 128 binary bits, compared to 32 bits used by IPv4. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Internet Protocols?

Internet Protocols specify how data is exchanged between devices and over networks. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) do?

ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses and stores these mappings in the ARP table. Signup and view all the answers

How does a computer find the MAC address of a device it wants to communicate with?

A computer consults the ARP table to find the corresponding MAC address. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ARP table in a network?

The ARP table stores mappings of IP addresses to MAC addresses for all devices on the network. Signup and view all the answers

UTP Cable Categories

Different types of Unshielded Twisted-Pair cables with varying data transfer rates and uses.

UTP Cat 5e

A common UTP cable category supporting Gigabit Ethernet speeds.

UTP Cable Limitations

Unshielded Twisted-Pair cables have a maximum cable length and are susceptible to interference and signal loss, especially over longer distances.