Electrolytes By Steve Casarez RN, MICN, Paramedic Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of electrolytes in the body?

  • To regulate acid-base balance
  • To maintain water balance and osmotic forces (correct)
  • To provide energy for muscle contractions
  • To facilitate cell-to-cell communication

    • Which electrolyte is the chief extracellular electrolyte and makes up 90% of the extracellular fluid?

  • Chloride
  • Sodium (correct)
  • Potassium
  • Calcium

    • What is the primary role of chloride, the major anion in the extracellular fluid?

  • To regulate acid-base balance
  • To facilitate muscle contractions
  • To maintain normal balance of fluids (correct)
  • To provide energy for cellular processes

    • Which of the following is the most common intravenous fluid used by EMS providers?

    <p>0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system in electrolyte regulation?

    <p>It responds to decreases in sodium levels and increases in potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary location of magnesium within the body?

    <p>Intracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the body?

    <p>To regulate acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases or conditions can commonly affect electrolyte function?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of potassium in the body?

    <p>To maintain neuromuscular irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an EMS drug used to assist with increasing blood pressure?

    <p>Atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the sodium/potassium pump active transport system?

    <p>Allowing cells to have action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the PRIMARY cause of dehydration?

    <p>Loss of fluids from tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RECOMMENDED treatment for severe dehydration, according to the text?

    <p>Hypotonic IV fluid resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the NORMAL range for serum sodium levels?

    <p>135-145 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypernatremia (high serum sodium levels)?

    <p>Hypotension (low blood pressure)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RECOMMENDED treatment for hypernatremia, according to the text?

    <p>Hypotonic fluid resuscitation and close cardiac monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyponatremia (low serum sodium levels)?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the NORMAL range for serum potassium levels?

    <p>3.5-5.0 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the PRIMARY function of aldosterone, according to the figure?

    <p>Increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause Hyperkalemia with a serum level greater than 5.5 mEq/L?

    <p>Burns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment option for Hypokalemia with a serum level of 10 mEq/L?

    <p>Dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Hypocalcemia when levels drop to 3.0 mEq/L?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of Hypokalemia?

    <p>Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT typically associated with Hyperkalemia?

    <p>Elevated blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Hyperkalemia that requires close cardiac monitoring?

    <p>Peak T waves on ECG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte disturbance is closely linked to causing muscle weakness?

    <p>Hypomagnesemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Role of Electrolytes

    • Electrolytes help maintain fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions in the body.

    Chief Extracellular Electrolyte

    • Sodium is the chief extracellular electrolyte, composing 90% of extracellular fluid.

    Role of Chloride

    • Chloride serves as the major anion in extracellular fluid, aiding in maintaining osmotic pressure and acid-base balance.

    Common EMS Intravenous Fluid

    • Normal saline is the most frequently used intravenous fluid by EMS providers.

    Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

    • This system regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance by affecting sodium and water retention.

    Location of Magnesium

    • Magnesium is primarily located within the bones; about 60% of body magnesium is stored here.

    Function of Bicarbonate

    • Bicarbonate (HCO3-) plays a crucial role in maintaining pH balance in the body, acting as a buffer.

    Conditions Affecting Electrolyte Function

    • Conditions such as kidney disease, dehydration, and hormonal imbalances can commonly affect electrolyte function.

    Role of Potassium

    • Potassium is vital for proper muscle function, nerve signals, and maintaining fluid balance.

    EMS Drugs Not for Increasing Blood Pressure

    • Certain sedation drugs are NOT used by EMS to assist in increasing blood pressure.

    Sodium/Potassium Pump Function

    • The sodium/potassium pump maintains cellular membrane potential and regulates cellular volume through active transport.

    Primary Cause of Dehydration

    • Fluid loss due to vomiting or diarrhea is the primary cause of dehydration.

    Treatment for Severe Dehydration

    • Recommended treatment for severe dehydration includes intravenous fluid administration.

    Normal Serum Sodium Levels

    • The normal range for serum sodium levels is approximately 135-145 mEq/L.

    Symptoms Not Seen in Hypernatremia

    • Symptoms like severe confusion and seizures are NOT typically associated with hypernatremia.

    Treatment for Hypernatremia

    • Recommended treatment for hypernatremia includes gradual rehydration with fluids.

    Symptoms Not Seen in Hyponatremia

    • Symptoms such as dry mouth and thirst are NOT commonly seen in hyponatremia.

    Normal Serum Potassium Levels

    • Normal serum potassium levels range from 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.

    Primary Function of Aldosterone

    • Aldosterone is primarily involved in promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys.

    Condition Causing Hyperkalemia

    • Kidney failure is a leading condition that can result in hyperkalemia, with serum potassium levels exceeding 5.5 mEq/L.

    Treatment for Hypokalemia

    • Intravenous potassium replacement is the primary treatment option for hypokalemia with serum levels at 10 mEq/L.

    Symptoms Not Commonly Associated with Hypocalcemia

    • Neuromuscular irritability is NOT commonly associated with hypocalcemia when levels drop to 3.0 mEq/L.

    Potential Cause of Hypokalemia

    • Excessive diuretic use is a potential cause of hypokalemia.

    Conditions Not Associated with Hyperkalemia

    • Conditions like dehydration are NOT typically associated with hyperkalemia.

    Common Symptoms of Hyperkalemia

    • Cardiac arrhythmias require close monitoring due to hyperkalemia—this is a common symptom that necessitates attention.

    Electrolyte Disturbance Linked to Muscle Weakness

    • Hypokalemia is closely linked to causing muscle weakness in affected individuals.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of electrolytes with this quiz based on the updated 2023 information by Steve Casarez RN, MICN, Paramedic. Identify abnormalities in electrolyte levels based on normal serum values and enhance your understanding of Electrolyte Lab Values.

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