Electrolytes and Their Categories
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Questions and Answers

Which drink is a natural source of potassium and sodium?

  • Coconut water (correct)
  • Soda
  • Water
  • Sports drinks

What primary component distinguishes strong electrolytes from weak electrolytes?

  • Form of the compound
  • Presence of nitrogen atoms
  • Solubility in water
  • Dissociation into ions (correct)

What characteristic of soda classifies it as low in electrolytes?

  • High sugar content (correct)
  • Absence of ions
  • High sodium content
  • High potassium content

Which step involves identifying if a substance is a strong base based on its formula?

<p>Step 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an electrolyte according to its ion behavior in an electric circuit?

<p>Conducts electric current through ionic dissociation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that a solute dissolves faster when ground into small particles?

<p>It exposes more surface area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in solving stoichiometry problems?

<p>Balance the equation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 4 moles of BrCl3 react, how many moles of Br2 are produced according to the equation 2 BrCl3 → 3 Cl2 + Br2?

<p>3 moles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of oxygen are required to fully react with 837.4 grams of C8H18?

<p>15 moles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the equation 2Fe + 6HCl → 2FeCl3 + 3H2, what is the mole ratio of Fe to HCl?

<p>2:6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of bonds has NaCl categorized under, and what is its solubility in water at 20°C?

<p>Ionic; 35.68 g/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing temperature have on the solubility of solid substances?

<p>It increases the solubility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does stirring or agitation affect the rate of dissolving a solute in a solvent?

<p>It increases the contact between solute and solvent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pressure and the solubility of gases in a solvent?

<p>Increased pressure increases gas solubility significantly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the solubility of BaSO4 at 100°C?

<p>Solubility is increased to 4.10 x 10 -4 g/L. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the overall amount of solute that dissolves in a solvent?

<p>Stirring or agitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of surface area in the rate of dissolving a solute?

<p>Dissolving is influenced by how much surface area is exposed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the solubility of nonpolar covalent substances in alcohol compared to water?

<p>Nonpolar substances are soluble in alcohol but insoluble in water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electrolyte

A substance that forms ions when dissolved in water, allowing it to conduct electricity.

Strong Electrolyte

A substance that completely ionizes in solution, producing a high concentration of ions and strong electrical conductivity.

Weak Electrolyte

A substance that only partially ionizes in solution, resulting in a lower concentration of ions and weaker electrical conductivity.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that does not form ions in solution and therefore does not conduct electricity.

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Reaction in solution

A type of chemical reaction in which a solution's properties change due to the formation of ions.

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Solution Stoichiometry

The amount of a substance dissolved in a given volume of solution.

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Balanced Chemical Equation

A chemical equation where the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation is balanced.

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Mole Ratio

The ratio of the coefficients of the reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation, which represents the mole ratio in which the reactants react and products are formed.

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Stoichiometry Problem

A calculation that uses the mole ratio from a balanced chemical equation to determine the amount of reactants consumed or products produced in a chemical reaction.

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Mole (mol)

A unit of measurement that represents the amount of a substance containing Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) of entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.).

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Solubility

The amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent.

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Likes dissolve Likes

The principle that states that substances with similar types of bonds will dissolve in each other. For example, polar substances dissolve in polar solvents, while nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

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Solubility: Temperature

The temperature affects the solubility of substances. The solubility of solids and liquids usually increases with temperature, while the solubility of gases decreases with temperature.

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Solubility: Pressure

The pressure has little effect on the solubility of solids and liquids, but it significantly increases the solubility of gases.

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Stirring

The rate at which a solute dissolves can be increased by stirring or agitating the solution. Fresh solvent molecules constantly come into contact with the solute, speeding up the process.

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Heating

The rate at which a solute dissolves can be increased by heating the solution. Increased temperature gives molecules more energy, leading to more frequent and forceful collisions with the solute.

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Surface Area

The rate at which a solute dissolves is increased when the solute is broken into smaller pieces. More surface area is exposed to the solvent, allowing for faster dissolving.

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Study Notes

Electrolytes

  • Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity due to the dissociation into positively and negatively charged particles (ions)

  • These ions migrate toward and are discharged at the respective terminals (anode and cathode) of an electric circuit

  • Strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes are categories of electrolytes

  • Strong electrolytes (fully dissociate):

    • Strong acids (HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO3, HClO4, and H2SO4)
    • Strong bases (NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Ba(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2)
    • Salts (NaCl, KBr, MgCl2, and many more)

  • Weak electrolytes (partially dissociate):

    • Weak acids (HF, HC2H3O2, H2CO3, H3PO4, and many more)
    • Weak bases (NH3, C5H5N, and several more, all containing "N")

  • Nonelectrolytes don't conduct electricity.

Categorizing Electrolytes

  • Seven steps to categorize Electrolytes:
    • Is it one of the seven strong acids?
    • Is it in the form of Metal(OH)n? (Strong Base)
    • Is it in the from Metal(X)n? (Salt)
    • Does the formula start with "H"? (Likely weak acid)
    • Does it contain a nitrogen atom? (Likely weak base)
    • None of these? (Nonelectrolyte)

Solubility

  • Solubility describes the amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent.
  • "Like dissolves like" principle applies – polar substances dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents. -Ionic compounds are often very soluble in water -Polar covalent compounds are also very soluble in water -Nonpolar covalent compounds are soluble in nonpolar solvents

Solubility: Temperature and Pressure

  • Temperature:
    • Solubility of solids and liquids typically increases with temperature
    • Solubility of gases typically decreases with temperature.
  • Pressure:
    • Pressure only significantly affects the solubility of gases.

Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolving

  • Stirring or Agitation: Increased stirring increases contact between solute and solvent which increases dissolving rate.
  • Heating: Increased temperature increases kinetic energy for both molecules which increases dissolving rate.
  • Surface Area: Smaller surface area of the solute increases dissolving rate as more surface area is in contact.

Solution Stoichiometry

  • Solution stoichiometry involves calculating the moles of substances in a solution
  • Steps in solving stoichiometry problems:
    • Balance the equation
    • Convert units of given substance to moles
    • Use mole ratio to calculate moles of substance yielded.
    • Convert moles of wanted substance to the desired units

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Electrolytes and Solubility - STEM6-3Q-W3-GS-D2

Description

This quiz focuses on electrolytes, including their properties and classifications as strong, weak, and nonelectrolytes. You will learn to identify strong acids, strong bases, and weak electrolytes, as well as the criteria for categorizing them. Test your understanding of these essential substances in chemistry!

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