Electrolytes and Solubility - STEM6-3Q-W3-GS-D2

ELECTR OLYTES Activity Time! Make Predictions "Which drink do you think replenishes electrolytes best?" "Why do you think that?" Activity Time! Make Predictions Which drink do you think replenishes electrolytes best? Why do you think that? Water Sports drinks...

ELECTR OLYTES Activity Time! Make Predictions "Which drink do you think replenishes electrolytes best?" "Why do you think that?" Activity Time! Make Predictions Which drink do you think replenishes electrolytes best? Why do you think that? Water Sports drinks Coconut water Soda Activity Time! Make Predictions Water – Hydrates but lacks electrolytes. Sports drinks – Contain sodium, potassium, and sometimes magnesium, but also have added sugar. Coconut water – Natural source of potassium and some sodium. Soda – High in sugar, low or no electrolytes. COMPETENCIES differentiate the colligative properties of nonelectrolyte solutions and of electrolyte solutions perform stoichiometric calculations for reactions in solution ELECTROLYTE ➔ A substance that conducts electric current as a result of a dissociation into positively and negatively charged particles called ions, which migrate toward and ordinarily are discharged at the negative and positive terminals (cathode and anode) of an electric circuit, respectively. Examples of Strong and Weak Electrolytes  Six Steps for Categorizing Electrolytes Step 1 Is it one of the seven strong acids? Step 2 Is it of the form Metal(OH)n? Then it's a strong base. Step 3 Is it of the form Metal(X)n? Then it's a salt. Step 4 Does it's formula start with 'H'? It's probably a weak acid. Step 5 Does it have a nitrogen atom? It may be a weak base. Step 6 None of those? Call it a nonelectrolyte. SOLUBILITY refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent  Solubility: Nature of Solute “likes dissolves likes” Types of Bond and Solubility Type of Bond Example Water Alcohol Ionic NaCl very soluble slightly soluble Polar covalent C12H22O11 very soluble soluble Nonpolar covalent C10H8 Insoluble soluble  Solubility: Temperature solubility of solid and liquid is directly proportional to the absolute temperature while that of gas is inversely proportional  Solubility: Temperature Solubility in Substance Type of Bond 20℃ 100 ℃ NaCl Ionic 35.68 39.10 BaSO4 Ionic 2.30 x 10 -4 4.10 x 10 -4 NH3 Polar covalent 179.00 487.00  Solubility: Pressure the pressure on the surface of the solvent has minimal effect on solubility of solid and liquid but has a vast effect on the solubility of gases FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF DISSOLVING Many people enjoy a cold glass of iced tea on a hot summer day. Some like it unsweetened, while others like to put sugar in it. How fast the sugar dissolved depends on several factors. FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF DISSOLVING 1. stirring or agitation 2. heating 3. surface area  STIRRING OR AGITATION Dissolving sugar in water will occur more quickly if the water is stirred allows fresh solvent molecules to continually be in contact with the solute It is important to realize that neither stirring nor breaking up a solute affect the overall amount of solute that dissolves. It only affects the rate of dissolving.  HEATING gives the molecules more kinetic energy the more rapid motion means that the solvent molecules collide with the solute with greater frequency and the collisions occur with more force  SURFACE AREA The rate at which a solute dissolves depends upon the size of the solute particles. Dissolving is a surface phenomenon since it depends on solvent molecules colliding with the outer surface of the solute. A given quantity of solute dissolves faster when it is ground into small particles than if it is in the form of a large chunk because more surface area is exposed. SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY ➔ the moles of a substance contained in one liter of solution Steps in solving stoichiometry problems: balance the equation convert units of a given substance to moles using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the reaction convert moles of wanted substance to desired units  Balance the equation. Convert units of a given substance to moles. Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the reaction. Convert moles of wanted substance to desired units. Sample Problem #1 Fe + O2→Fe2O3 2Fe+ 6HCl → 2FeCl3 + 3H2 (balanced) CO + O2 CO2 2CO + O2 2CO2 O3 O2 2O3 3 O2 Sample Problem #2 If 4 moles of BrCl3 reacts according to the equation, how many moles of Cl2 will be formed? How many moles of Br2 will be formed? 2 BrCl3 3 Cl2 + Br2 Assessment: 1. If 3.54 moles of BrCl3 reacts according to the equation, how many moles of Cl2 will be formed? How many moles of Br2 will be formed? 2 BrCl3 —>3 Cl2 + Br2 Assessment: 2. How many moles of oxygen are needed to fully react 837.4 grams of C8H18?  Refere nce Bayquen, A. & Peña, G., (2022). Exploring Life Through Science Series - General Chemistry 2 (SHS). Quezon City, Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. and clarifications, Google Chat: Rellian Colita Email: [email protected] Consultation CREDITS: This presentation time: template was created by Slidesgo, THU, 1:10 including P.M.and- 1210 icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik P.M. Please keep this slide for attribution