Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

In which type of solvent do non-polar solutes dissolve?

  • Polar solvents
  • Aqueous solvents
  • Non-polar solvents (correct)
  • Ionic solvents

What happens if the forces of attraction between solute molecules (A-A) are greater than the forces between solvent molecules (B-B)?

  • There will be no dissolution of solute in the solvent.
  • The solute will disperse and form a solution.
  • The solvent will not be able to break the binding forces of the solute molecules. (correct)
  • The solvent molecules will form aggregations from which the solute is excluded.

Which type of forces hold the sodium chloride crystal together?

  • Hydrogen bonding
  • Electrovalent forces (correct)
  • Van der Waals forces
  • Ionic bonding

In which type of solvent do non-electrolytes typically dissolve?

<p>Polar solvents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if B-B > A-B, according to the text?

<p>The solvent molecules will form aggregations excluding the solute. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step involves creating a hole in the solvent just large enough to accept the solute molecule?

<p>Step 2: Creation of a hole in the solvent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of forces are stronger if A-B > A-A or B-B?

<p>A-B forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Steps of Solubility' mentioned in the text involve which of the following first?

<p>'The removal of a molecule from the solute phase' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario will the solute disperse and form a solution?

<p>A-B &gt; A-A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the solvent molecules are attracted to each other and form aggregations from which the solute is excluded, what does it signify?

<p>B-B &gt; A-B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of solvent would benzene be classified as based on its inability to penetrate closely bound water aggregates?

<p>Non-polar solvent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which forces are holding the sodium chloride crystal together, making it insoluble in benzene?

<p>A-A forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of solubility described in the text?

<p>Removal of a molecule from the solute phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if B-B exceeds A-B in terms of their affinities?

<p>The solvent molecules form aggregations excluding the solute. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If A-A > B-B, what happens to the solute in the solvent?

<p>It remains insoluble. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what characteristic defines non-polar solvents?

<p>They can form aggregations excluding certain solutes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When A-B exceeds A-A and B-B, what happens to the solute?

<p>It disperses and forms a solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the process of solubility deals with placing the solute molecule in a hole in the solvent?

<p>Third step (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes

  • Electrolytes are substances that dissolve in water and yield ions (cations and anions)
  • Types of electrolytes: • Strong electrolytes (e.g., HCl, NaOH, NaCl) that ionize completely (100%) • Slightly soluble electrolytes (e.g., AgCl, AgI) • Weak electrolytes (e.g., acetic acid, ammonia) that ionize partially (1-10%)
  • Non-electrolytes are substances that dissolve in water but do not yield ions (e.g., sucrose, urea, glycerin)

Solvents

  • Solvents are dispersion media or solution components present in large excess
  • Types of solvents: • Polar solvents (e.g., water, glycerol) with high dielectric constants, dissolving ionic solutes • Semi-polar solvents (e.g., n-propanol, acetone) acting as intermediate solvents for miscibility • Non-polar solvents (e.g., benzene, chloroform) unable to reduce attraction between ions due to low dielectric constants

Solubility

  • Solubility is the concentration of the solute in a saturated solution at a certain temperature and pressure
  • Maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent under specific conditions
  • Expressed in terms of mass of solute per volume of solvent (e.g., grams per liter)

Solubility Expressions

  • USP (United States Pharmacopeia) descriptions for solubility: • Very soluble: less than 1 part of solvent required for 1 part of solute • Freely soluble: 1-10 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute • Soluble: 10-30 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute • Sparingly soluble: 30-100 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute • Slightly soluble: 100-1000 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute • Very slightly soluble: 1000-10,000 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute • Practically insoluble: more than 10,000 parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute

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