Electrolytes and Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What effect does aldosterone have on sodium in the kidneys?

  • Increases excretion in the collecting duct
  • Decreases reabsorption in the proximal tubule
  • Has no effect on sodium levels
  • Increases reabsorption in the collecting duct (correct)

Which of the following is a consequence of increased potassium excretion due to aldosterone?

  • Increase in blood calcium levels
  • Higher potassium levels in the blood
  • Decrease in cardiac impulse transmission
  • Lower potassium levels in the blood (correct)

What role does calcium play in muscle function?

  • It prevents blood clotting
  • It reduces muscle contractions
  • It breaks down muscle fibers
  • It enhances muscle contractions (correct)

Which hormone is responsible for increasing serum calcium levels?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does magnesium influence cardiac function?

<p>It stabilizes heart rhythm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bicarbonate in the body?

<p>Acts as a major body buffer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte is primarily involved in the buffering of oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange in red blood cells?

<p>Chloride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between calcium and phosphate in the body?

<p>Increasing calcium levels decreases phosphate levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the intestinal absorption of magnesium?

<p>Vitamin D (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of phosphate in the body?

<p>Producing ATP and DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does aldosterone have on potassium levels in the body?

<p>Increases potassium excretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about calcium's role in the body is accurate?

<p>Calcium helps in blood clotting and muscle contractions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of magnesium in the body?

<p>Operating the sodium-potassium pump. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of bicarbonate in the body?

<p>Regulating acid–base balance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin enhances intestinal absorption of magnesium?

<p>Vitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does parathyroid hormone have on phosphate levels?

<p>Decreases serum phosphate levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does potassium exit cells during tissue damage?

<p>Due to acidosis effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte has a key role in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding chloride is correct?

<p>Chloride is an important component of HCl production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological role does phosphate play in cellular function?

<p>Producing ATP and DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sodium's Role in ECF

Sodium is crucial for maintaining extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and distribution. Aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, influencing blood volume.

Potassium Excretion

Aldosterone stimulates the kidney's excretion of potassium. Insulin moves potassium into cells, and tissue damage/acidosis can shift potassium out.

Calcium's Bone-ECF Shift

Calcium is constantly redistributed between bones and the extracellular fluid. Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol raise blood calcium levels; calcitonin lowers them.

Magnesium Absorption

Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone increase intestinal magnesium absorption. Kidneys control magnesium excretion and conservation.

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Chloride's Role in Kidneys

Chloride is reabsorbed and excreted with sodium in the kidneys. Aldosterone works with sodium to reabsorb chloride.

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Phosphate's Relationship with Calcium

Phosphate levels and calcium levels are inversely related. Parathyroid hormone decreases phosphate by increasing kidney excretion.

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Bicarbonate's Acid-Base Role

Bicarbonate is a key buffer in acid-base balance. Kidneys regulate bicarbonate excretion and regeneration.

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Aldosterone's Electrolyte Influence

Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium levels. It increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.

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Renal Excretion and Reabsorption

The kidneys are essential for regulating electrolyte levels. They control the excretion and reabsorption of various electrolytes like sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphate.

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Electrolyte Function Overview

Electrolytes regulate nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, blood clotting, acid-base balance, and cellular processes.

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Sodium Regulation

Sodium reabsorption or excretion is controlled by aldosterone in nephrons, maintaining ECF volume and influencing blood volume.

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Potassium movement

Potassium moves in and out of cells, influenced by insulin (moves in) and tissue damage (moves out). Aldosterone increases excretion.

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Calcium Redistribution

Calcium shifts between bones and ECF. Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol raise levels; calcitonin lowers them.

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Magnesium Absorption

Vitamin D and PTH increase intestinal magnesium absorption. Kidneys control magnesium levels.

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Chloride Kidney Role

Kidneys reabsorb and excrete chloride, often paired with sodium. Aldosterone affects chloride reabsorption.

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Phosphate & Calcium

Phosphate levels and calcium levels have a reciprocal relationship. PTH affects phosphate excretion.

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Bicarbonate's Buffering

Bicarbonate is a major buffer in acid-base regulation. Kidneys regenerate and regulate bicarbonate levels.

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Electrolytes: Muscle

Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium are crucial for muscle function, nerve impulses, blood clotting, etc.

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Electrolytes & ATP

Electrolytes (e.g., phosphate) are vital for cellular metabolism and energy production.

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Renal Electrolyte Balance

Kidneys balance electrolyte levels by controlling excretion and reabsorption of important electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride.

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